General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions About Multivitamins

What is a multivitamin?

A multivitamin is any product that contains 3 or more vitamins in amounts below established tolerable upper limits that can help minimize risk of deficiency. However, because most commercially available multivitamin supplements also include one or more minerals, multivitamins may also be referred to as multivitamin/mineral (or MVM) supplements.

Given that no standard definition is available for an MVM supplement—such as what nutrients it must contain and at what levels— MVM products by different brands vary greatly in terms of composition and characteristics. While some products only contain vitamins, others may include minerals and/or other value-added ingredients (e.g. botanicals, specialty ingredients).

What are % Daily Values?

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish RDAs or “Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA),” which are the average daily intake of nutrients sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people. The FDA relies on these RDAs to set the Percent Daily Value (or % DV) on supplement and nutrition labels as a “guide to the nutrients in one serving of food.” For example, if a supplement label lists 10% DV for vitamin E, it means that, at the recommended dosage, one serving of the supplement will provide 10% of the vitamin E you need each day. It must be noted that ‘Percent DVs’ are based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults, but the DVs can be used as a guide even if your diet is higher or lower than 2,000 calories. To be on the safer side, opt for a multivitamin that provides the nutrients essential for maintaining good health in amounts that don’t exceed established tolerable upper limits.

Where do the nutrients (vitamins, minerals) in a multivitamin come from?

The nutrients in a multivitamin may either be (1) synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents; or (2) derived from natural food ingredients. For example, the synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) that is present in the vast majority of commercially available multivitamin supplements is created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia. However, there are a small number of brands, including NutriGold, that provide vitamin B3 from natural food sources (e.g. holy basil). 

Be wary of brands that advertise their multivitamin products as being “food-based” or use the term “food” indiscriminately to describe products that are primarily made using synthetic vitamins mixed in with nutritional yeast or other food powders. Products that provide nutrients naturally derived “from” food are not the same as products that provide synthetic nutrients “mixed in” with food powders or products that are made by fortifying “nutritional yeast” with synthetic vitamins. 

What is the difference between synthetic (lab-made) and natural vitamins?

At NutriGold, we define “synthetic” vitamins as man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and solvents and “natural” vitamins as vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from natural food sources. The primary difference between lab-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that vitamins that occur in nature are present as food-vitamin complexes along with related co-factors, whereas synthetic vitamins that are created in a lab are isolated, fractionated, purified, and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occurs in nature. Synthetic vitamins do not have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins are often made using petrochemical byproducts and industrial solvents that may not be fit for long-term use. 

Additionally, nutrients derived from natural sources also do not produce the metallic aftertaste and/or digestive discomfort commonly associated with the use of products made using synthetic vitamins. We invite you to review the information we have compiled to support our position against the use of synthetic vitamins on our website at:  https://nutrigold.com/pages/synthetics

How can I tell if a vitamin or mineral is from a natural source or a synthetic source?

The lack of standardization in the composition of multivitamin products by different brands and substantive differences in the terminology used by brands to describe their multivitamin products has contributed, in large part, to the confusion consumers experience when trying to make a multivitamin purchasing decision.

If you are in the market for a multivitamin product and want to know if the nutrients in the product are synthetic or natural, take a close look at the supplement facts panel on the label of the multivitamin product and rely on these general rules of thumb when making your purchasing decision — 

• Nutrient sources not listed — if the source of the nutrient is not listed in parentheses next to each of the nutrients on the label, it is likely that the nutrient is synthetic (lab-made)
• Nutrient sources may be listed and include yeast (S. cerevisiae) — if nutritional yeast or S. cerevisiae appears next to the nutrient or anywhere on the label, or if the terms, ‘cultured’ or ‘fermented’ or ‘matrix’ appear anywhere on the label or in descriptions of the product on the label, chances are the product contains synthetic vitamins in some amount. 
• Note: Even if we set aside the question of whether or not this ‘culturing’ or ‘fermenting’ process can make synthetic, lab-made vitamins more similar to nutrients from natural foods, the fact remains that the process starts with synthetic, lab-made vitamins and, in most cases, ends with fortifying the yeast blend with more synthetic vitamins to ensure that the product provides the amounts declared on the label.
• Nutrient sources are listed and they are foods — more likely than not that the nutrient is from a natural source.

When in doubt, always reach out to the manufacturer of the multivitamin and ask the following questions — “Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of your multivitamin product, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?” The answer you receive in response to this question (or even the absence of a response) should help you make the purchasing decision that best meets your requirements.

How do I know if I need to take a multivitamin?

Most of the nutrients in multivitamin supplements are considered essential because the human body cannot produce them on its own; they must be consumed from food and/or dietary supplements. Evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in essential vitamins. At minimum, a multivitamin should contain the nutrients essential for bridging dietary gaps in amounts that don't exceed established tolerable upper limits.

When possible, it is always recommended that you get your essential nutrients from fresh, minimally-processed, organic foods that are grown locally and picked at the peak of freshness because they tend to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of these nutrients. However, industrial  agricultural practices and the stressors of modern life have made it difficult, if not impossible, for the vast majority of us to get the required amounts of the essential nutrients exclusively from our diet, making supplementation the next best option to minimize deficiency risk and help maintain good health. Given that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs, we encourage you to consult with a licensed dietitian/healthcare provider to determine the product that is right for your nutritional needs.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a multivitamin?

Factors that impact a multivitamin purchasing decision are generally as complex as the reasons why people supplement with multivitamins. Although by no means an exhaustive list of all possible factors, see below a few things to keep in mind when making a purchasing decision —

1. Sustainability — are the micronutrients in the product derived from planet-friendly sources (e.g. organic, non-GMO)?
2. Quality — does the multivitamin provide therapeutic dosages (based on Percent DVs) of the essential micronutrients?
1. More is not always better — you are not what you eat, you are what you absorb, so just because a product contains mega doses of the micronutrients doesn’t mean your body can actually absorb or use all of them. 
1. Excess water-soluble vitamins — unused water-soluble vitamins have to be removed by the excretory organs (e.g. kidneys); which can increase the body’s workload. 
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins — unused fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, 7 K) are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. So, try and get as many of the micronutrients as you can from your diet and supplement with a multivitamin that provides the essential micronutrients in amounts that help bridge nutrient gaps in the diet and do not exceed established tolerable upper limits for toxicity.
2. Value-added ingredients — does the product include ingredients that complement or enhance the activity of the micronutrients to support healthy aging? Are these value-added ingredients present in therapeutic dosages (rather than just a pixie dusting for marketing purposes)?
3. Product composition — what is listed in the “other ingredients?”  Is the product free of chemical additives including fillers, binders, disintegrants, and coating agents?
3. Accountability — does the company provide assurance that what’s claimed on the label is actually inside the bottle (e.g. Certificate of Analysis, USP seal, ConsumerLab verified seal)?
4. Transparency — are the micronutrients in the multivitamin derived from natural foods or created in a lab? What is the country of origin of the different ingredients in the multivitamin blend?
5. Value — although price is definitely an important consideration for many consumers, it is as  unreliable an indicator of product quality, safety, or effectiveness as are creative packaging or fancy marketing copy. The only way to ensure that you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you or a loved one is to consider all of the factors listed above in their totality and evaluate which product is most likely to help support your health goals.

What is the best time of day to take a multivitamin?

The best time of day to take a multivitamin depends on several factors —

• Product composition — If the multivitamin you are taking only includes water-soluble nutrients, then you can take it at any time during the day, even on an empty stomach. If, however, your multivitamin includes fat-soluble nutrients, it is recommended that you take the supplement with the largest meal of your day.
• Nutrient type (synthetic vs. natural) — Synthetic vitamins can sometimes have a metallic aftertaste and/or produce digestive discomfort, so it is generally better to take them in the middle of the largest meal of the day. Products made using vitamins from natural sources are gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach at any time during the day, but taking them with food can help with the optimal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamins D3, E, and K2.
• Serving size (one, two, or more) — If the recommended dosage is one capsule a day, then you can take the product at any time during the day, but preferably with a meal if the formulation includes any fat-soluble nutrients. If the serving size is two or more capsules, tablets, or softgels, it is desirable to take them in divided doses throughout the day. However, if taking them in divided at different times during the day is not an option, the next best thing is to take them with the largest meal of the day.
• Other supplements you may be taking — When taking one or more supplements, we recommend spacing the different supplements throughout the day to minimize the load on the digestive system and to support optimal absorption and assimilation of the nutrients in the multivitamin. In the interest of your safety and consistent with our fundamental guiding principle to ‘do no harm,’ we also encourage you to talk to your healthcare provider prior to adding a multivitamin to your regimen if you are taking other supplements or OTC/prescription medications.
• Practical considerations — Remembering to take multiple doses of a supplement throughout the day can be a challenge for many of us even on our best days. And if that’s the case with you, it may be best to take the recommended daily dosage as a single serving, preferably at the same time every day. On the other hand, if taking multiple capsules (or tablets) at one time is too difficult for you, it is perfectly okay to take them in divided doses throughout the day. As with any supplement, consistent compliance is key to reaping the intended benefits, so follow whatever dosing schedule  will help you consistently take the recommended daily dosage every day.

Can multivitamins be taken together with other dietary supplements?

A multivitamin serves to fill the gaps of what might be missing in the diet and is typically fine in combination with other dietary supplements. However, it may be best to take a multivitamin that includes iron and/or zinc separately from a calcium/magnesium supplement as iron and zinc may compete with calcium/magnesium for absorption. That being said, consistent with our guiding principle to “do no harm,” we encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare provider to determine what use is best for your individual needs prior to adding a multivitamin (or any other supplement) to your regimen.

• Can multivitamins be taken together with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about NutriGold multivitamins

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamin products, either as starting materials, as intermediates, or to fortify the finished product?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is currently not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin products are derived from non-genetically modified, natural food sources; many of the nutrient sources are also certified organic. No synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of NutriGold multivitamins.

How can I be sure that what’s on a multivitamin product label is actually inside the bottle?

At NutriGold, we believe that consumers have the right to hold companies accountable for label claims and that companies, in return, are professionally, morally, and ethically obligated to make information that is material to making a purchasing decision available and accessible to consumers upon request. Our commitment to authentic transparency is best reflected not just in our willingness to share where our ingredients come from or in the ethical disclosures about the composition of our products, but also in our willingness to make product Certificates of Analysis readily and easily accessible to consumers with a simple scan of the QR code on our product labels or by visiting the product pages on our website.

The Certificate of Analysis is a summary of the results of all of the third-party testing performed on the product, is lot-specific, and updated each time a new lot of a product is authorized for distribution by our quality control team. The results summarized in the Certificate of Analysis provide reassurance that the product has been verified to contain what is claimed on the label.

What are the sources of the different nutrients in NutriGold multivitamins?

Every micronutrient that is listed as “from organic food blend” is 100% sourced from foods such as organic lemon, guava, amla, etc. The full list of organic foods from which the vast majority of the micronutrients in NutriGold multivitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel. Micronutrients that originate from other sources include vegan vitamin D (from lichen), vitamin K (from natto), and iodine (from organic kelp) and are listed as such on the product labels. Vitamin B-12 is the only synthetic micronutrient in NutriGold multivitamins and this is produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium.

Does NutriGold use synthetic vitamins at any stage during the multivitamin manufacturing process?

Other than vitamin B12, which is synthetic, NutriGold multivitamin products do not contain any other synthetic vitamins (in isolated or cultured forms). When formulating multivitamin products, our preference always is to use organic food sources when available. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically active plant sources of B12. Our multivitamins include vitamin B12 in its biologically active methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin forms in an approximately 70/30 ratio.

What is the source of vitamin B9 in NutriGold multivitamins?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide 100% DV of all vitamins and minerals?

Although natural foods are safe and bioavailable sources of many of the micronutrients that are essential for maintaining good health, they often contain these micronutrients in fairly small amounts. So, formulating a multivitamin product that provides 100% daily value of all of the micronutrients from natural food sources, while ideal and theoretically possible, would be associated with a prohibitive increase in the daily dosage as well as the product price, which can be a deal-breaker for many consumers. 

To ensure that our products provide safe and therapeutic doses of essential micronutrients at reasonable dosages and sustainable prices, we had to make some compromises on which nutrients end up in our multivitamin formulations. That being said, most of our multivitamins still provide 100% DV (or higher) of most vitamins and 50% DV or higher of some minerals.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins include minerals like calcium, magnesium and copper?

Calcium and magnesium can compete with other minerals for absorption in the GI tract and are often recommended to be taken separately from a multivitamin.  Also, depending on what calcium or magnesium is bound to, the size of the molecule can be quite large, which could make the serving size of a multivitamin that provides therapeutic amounts of either of these minerals larger than what many customers would be willing to take. For customers that need extra supplemental magnesium we offer Magnesium Gold, which provides a bioavailable source of magnesium (400 mg per 3 capsule serving).

Similarly, the reason we do not include copper in our multivitamins is that copper is poorly absorbed in the presence of iron and zinc. The decision to include iron (Women's formulas) and zinc (all multi formulas) at the expense of copper was based on population studies showing a higher rate of iron and zinc deficiency, rather than a copper deficiency,  in the general population.

Why don’t NutriGold multivitamins provide Vitamin A (beta carotene)?

Many multivitamin brands, including those that are marketed as "food-based", offer vitamin A as synthetic beta carotene or lab-created vitamin A (retinol). At NutriGold, we strive to avoid synthetic vitamins in our products and prefer nutrients that are derived entirely from natural foods. Unfortunately, food sources of beta carotene are not currently available that meet our stringent quality standards for stability. It is important to note, however, that all of our women’s 3-per-day multivitamins (except for the prenatal multi) and two of our men’s multivitamins (men’s multi 40+ & men’s 55+ multi) now feature SOD-B Extramel®, a clinically-proven ingredient that is a far more powerful antioxidant than beta-carotene and provides some of the same benefits as vitamin A.

Does NutriGold offer a gender-neutral multivitamin?

We do not currently offer a gender-neutral multivitamin. This allows our customers to choose the formulation (Men's, Women's, Prenatal, 40+, etc.) that best fits their needs based upon nutrient levels, without worrying about potentially unnecessary gender-specific herbs or herbal blends. Many brands include gender-specific herbs (e.g. saw palmetto, chaste tree); however, these gender-specific ingredients are usually in amounts that are too low to provide the intended therapeutic benefits and sometimes come at the expense of some of the essential micronutrients in the multivitamin formulation..

We recognize that gender-specific multivitamin formulas can have the unintended consequence of creating more confusion rather than introducing more clarity into the multivitamin purchasing process. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, however, there are some variations in the nutrients that are needed for women of child-bearing age versus women who are going through menopause and later (e.g. folate, iron). Our women's multivitamin formulas reflect the differences in these variations. Likewise, iron is not added to our men's multivitamins or the 40 / 55+ women's multivitamins given that men and post-menopausal women (who are not at risk of iron deficiency) are typically directed to avoid multivitamins containing iron.

We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs. In light of this, we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs prior to supplementation.

Does NutriGold offer a children’s multivitamin?

While we have explored the possibility of offering a children’s multivitamin, our product Research & Development team has not yet approved moving forward with production on this product. Although adjusting our current adult multivitamin formulations to meet child-appropriate RDAs is easy enough to do, our goal is to be able to offer a children's multivitamin that is easier to take and more palatable, even without the sweeteners, colors, and artificial flavors found in many of the current children's multivitamin offerings. We are confident that we will eventually develop a formulation that checks all the boxes and conforms to our own high quality and safety standards, but as with all NutriGold products, the process can sometimes be excruciatingly long.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of complete transparency on the product label.

Are NutriGold multivitamins soy-free?

At NutriGold, we use the term “soy-free” to describe products that do not contain any ingredients derived from soy and the phrase “verified free of soy allergen” to confirm that soy allergen, if present, is less than 5 parts per million or 5 micrograms per gram of the product. Based on these definitions, our multivitamin products are not soy-free because vitamin K2 (as MK-7) in our multivitamins is sourced from natto, which is fermented soybeans.  We encourage consumers who are interested in taking the product, but are unsure about the suitability of the soy-derived K2 in the product for their particular health needs, to discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold multivitamins gluten-free?

All of our multivitamin products are confirmed to be free of gluten through supply-chain verification and independently verified by a third-party lab to contain less than 20 parts per million or less than 20 micrograms per gram of gluten per serving of the product, which is consistent with the limit set by the FDA as per its gluten-free food labeling rule.

Should NutriGold multivitamins be taken with food?

Many customers find our multivitamins to be gentle enough to be taken on an empty stomach. However, it is generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because the products include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals).

Can the recommended dosage of NutriGold multivitamins be taken in divided doses throughout the day or is it best to take it as a single dose?

Overall nutrient assimilation may be best if you are able to space the multivitamin throughout the day. However, if compliance is an issue, our multivitamins may be consumed as a single dose. It is also generally recommended to take multivitamins with food, if possible, because they include fat-soluble vitamins that are best absorbed with some fat (usually a component of most meals). We encourage you to consult with your trusted healthcare advisor to determine what usage is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

General Questions about B Vitamins

What are B vitamins?

B vitamins are a set of nutrients that function as coenzymes, which means that they assist and allow enzymes to carry out their intended functions in the body.  There are eight B vitamins—Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pyridoxine (B6), Folate (B9), B-12, Biotin and Pantothenic Acid (B5).  While each B vitamin has its own unique role in the body, many of the B vitamins work synergistically with each other to support cellular energy, cardiovascular and cognitive functions, and healthy hair, skin, and nails.

What are some risk factors for a B vitamin deficiency?

Evidence from human research shows that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in one or more of this group of vitamins. Unfortunately, today’s over-reliance on refined and processed foods can provide a challenge to optimal B vitamin intake. Individuals that are at risk for B vitamin deficiency include alcoholics and those with gastrointestinal disorders such as persistent diarrhea, malabsorption syndromes, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.  Pregnant women and senior citizens may also be at greater risk of deficiency. Strict vegetarians sometimes require B12 supplementation given that B12 is mainly found in animal products.

Are there any food sources of B vitamins?

The best way to obtain most essential B vitamins is to consume a plant-based diet rich in fruits, vegetables (leafy greens), seeds/nuts, and whole grains. Active forms of vitamin B12, however, are mainly found in animal products and are generally not present in plant-based foods. Many people today simply do not meet the daily requirement for B vitamins, making supplementation often necessary to support optimal health.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for B vitamins?

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for B vitamins?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. Currently, the only B vitamins that have an established UL are Niacin (B3), Pyridoxine (B6) and Folic acid.  The other five B vitamins do not have an established UL due to a lack of reports showing negative effects from high intake amounts.

*UL —The UL is not based on mcg DFE, but on mcg of synthetic folate, such as folic acid or methylfolate. There is no UL for natural folate. Consequently, if a product made with folic acid lists 1,000 mcg DFE, it only contains about 600 mcg of folic acid (which is far below the adult UL of 1,000 mcg of synthetic folate).

Can a B Complex supplement be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about B Vitamins, check out the resources below—
• B Vitamins — Medline Plus
• Vitamins — Linus Pauling Institute
• B Vitamins — Harvard School of Public Health
• For specific guidance on the suitability of B vitamins to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider

Questions about B Complex Gold

What are the sources of the B vitamins in B-Complex Gold?

B-Complex Gold is a gentle and nourishing form of plant-based B vitamins that are derived entirely from natural food sources (e.g. organic lemon peel, guava fruit, etc.) —they are not synthetic B vitamins fermented, grown or cultured in yeast or a blend of organic foods fortified with synthetic B vitamins and marketed as “whole-food” or “food-based” B-Complex. The only exception is vitamin B-12, which is synthetic and  produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium. The full list of organic foods from which our B vitamins are derived is included in the ‘Organic Food Blend’ on the supplement facts panel and on the product page on our website.

How is B-Complex Gold different from other  B-Complex supplements?

The most important distinction between the different commercially-available B-Complex supplements, including B-Complex Gold, is the source of the B vitamins in the product—in other words, were the B vitamins made in a lab using chemicals or derived from a living food source? The vast majority of commercially available B-Complex supplements provide B vitamins that were created in a lab using chemicals. Except for the B12, all the other B vitamins in B-Complex Gold are derived entirely from natural food sources—no synthetic B vitamins are used at any point during the production process.

Regardless of what “else” may be in a B-Complex product (e.g. food powders, nutritional yeast) or how the product is marketed (e.g. whole-food, food-based, real food, raw food), almost all B-Complex supplements can be broadly categorized based on the source of the B vitamins in the product —

Categories 1 to 3 represent over 95% of B-Complex supplements that are currently available in the industry and include nutrients that have been synthesized using industrial chemicals and solvents. For example, synthetic vitamin B3 (niacin) is typically created in a lab using coal tar derivatives, 3-cyanopyridine, and ammonia.  Even though the products in Categories 2 and 3 may be marketed as “whole food,” “food based,” or some kind of food “derivative,” the fact remains that synthetic B vitamins are used at some point in the production process—either at the beginning as a starting material and/or to fortify the end product so it meets label claims. 

At NutriGold, we understand “synthetic” vitamins to be man-made vitamins that are created in a lab using industrial chemicals and “natural” vitamins to be vitamins that are extracted, concentrated, or otherwise derived from living food sources. The primary difference between man-made vitamins and natural vitamins is that man-made vitamins are created in a lab and are not always structurally similar to vitamins that occur in nature. Synthetic vitamin isolates do not always have the necessary cofactors for their proper utilization by the body; the body has to reconstruct the vitamins using its own reserve of cofactors, and this can, over time, lead to inadvertent nutrient depletion. Furthermore, synthetic vitamins can sometimes result in GI disturbances, nausea or a metallic aftertaste.

B-Complex Gold is made from non-GMO verified, organic foods. Other than B12, all of the B vitamins are derived from food and formulated as part of a food blend. The result is a form of plant-based nutrition that is gentle and easy-to-digest. When formulating our vitamin products, we mindfully choose organic foods as the starting material for our micronutrients. However, our vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically-active, plant sources of B12. B-Complex Gold provides vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin, both of which are synthetic and produced by microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium. 

In addition, B-Complex Gold is certified C.L.E.A.N., which is an acronym that stands for Conscious (or safe), Live (minimally processed and predominantly organic), Ethical (Non-GMO), Active (includes bioavailable enzymes as determined by CytoSolve technology), and Nourishing (as determined by the ANDI score).

What is the source of vitamin B9 in B-Complex Gold?

Given the confusion that exists over the use of the terms folic acid and folate when describing or marketing vitamin B9 supplements, we would like to begin by clarifying the difference between folate and folic acid as described in the scientific literature. Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably as they are both forms of vitamin B9, but there is an important difference. According to the American Pregnancy Association, folic acid is the synthesized version that is commonly used in processed foods and supplements; it is man-made and does not occur naturally in foods. Folate, on the other hand, can be found in whole foods such as leafy vegetables, eggs, and citrus fruits. The vitamin B9 in our product is from organic food sources (e.g. lemon peel extract, spinach). To eliminate confusion, we simply refer to this nutrient on our labels as "Vitamin B9 (from organic food blend)". No synthetic folic acid is added to our products at any point during the production of our finished product.

What are methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin?

Methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin are biologically active forms of vitamin B-12 in the human body. Our products feature both bioactive forms for broad-spectrum benefits. Overall, methylcobalamin supports cardiovascular function, neurological health, and emotional wellness. Adenosylcobalamin is found in cellular tissues where it is stored in the mitochondria and supports cellular energy production.

Are synthetic or lab-made nutrients used at any point during the production of B-Complex Gold?

Except for the B12, which is synthetic because a natural, vegan source is not commercially available, all of the other nutrients in our B Complex Gold product are derived from non-genetically modified, organic food sources. No other synthetic isolates are not used at any point during the production of B-Complex Gold.

Should B-Complex Gold be taken with food?

The micronutrients in B-Complex Gold are derived from organic foods and are gentle enough to be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Does the niacin in B-Complex Gold produce a flush?

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble vitamin that is composed of niacin (or nicotinic acid) and niacinamide. Although niacin and niacinamide have similar functional benefits, their pharmacological properties differ. While niacin has vasodilating properties that can produce the characteristic "niacin" flush, niacinamide does not have this property and, therefore, does not produce flushing. The vitamin B3 in our B-Complex product is sourced from organic foods and provides both niacin and niacinamide. Although individual experiences can and do vary with any supplement, our B-Complex Gold is generally well-tolerated and reports of “flushing,” are less common than with synthetic niacin supplements.

Why does B Complex Gold provide 36 mcg of vitamin B12 per serving when only 2.4 mcg is the RDA for adults?

Customers are often directed to look for higher amounts of vitamin B12 because only about 1% is passively absorbed in the human body. So, even though our B-Complex Gold product provides 36 mcg of vitamin B12 per serving, not all of it is utilized by the body. In fact, we are sometimes asked why we do not include more B12 in our multivitamin products, given that no upper intake level (UL) has been set by the Food & Nutrition Board for vitamin B12 due to its low level of toxicity. (Source - https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12) We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs and we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs.

Can individuals with a known or suspected MTHFR gene mutation take B-Complex Gold to get the recommended daily value of folate?

There is some controversy with regard to the form of B9 that is best suited for individuals with a known or suspected MTHFR gene variant. According to the American Pregnancy Association, some women have a defect in their MTHFR gene that doesn’t allow them to properly convert synthetic folic acid into active methyl folate. As such, women taking folic acid may not be absorbing their B vitamins as expected. For this reason, it is preferable to take folate either from whole food sources (e.g. green leafy vegetables) or supplements that contain the natural form of active folate instead of synthesized folic acid whenever possible. 

However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most common variant in the MTHFR gene is MTHFR C677T and these are the 5 most important things to known about this variant —

1. People with MTHFR C677T variants can process all types of folate, including folic acid.
2. Folic acid is the only type of folate shown to help prevent neural tube defects.
3. MTHFR gene variants are common.
4. All women of reproductive age who could become pregnant should consume 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid each day, including those with an MTHFR C677T variant
5. Sometimes a woman may still have a baby with a neural tube defect even though she consumed the recommended 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid; the defect may be unrelated to the MTHFR gene variant or folate status.

Supplements containing forms of folate other than folic acid (such as 5-MTHF) should not be confused with the natural food folate found in fruits and vegetables. The effectiveness of these [5-MTHF] supplements in preventing neural tube defects has not been studied. For more information on the difference between folic acid and folate, please click here. 

The form of B9 in our product is not the methylated form. While it can help bridge nutritional gaps in the diet, support good health, and help minimize the risk of folate deficiency when taken in conjunction with a diet that includes folate-rich foods, we regret we do not have any information on and cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our product by individuals with a known or suspected MTHFR gene variant. If you have any questions or concerns regarding the folate form in our products, we ask that you discuss those concerns with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can make an informed purchasing decision on the form of folate that will best support your particular health goals. 

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

What is the purpose of the organic rice concentrate?

Although we make every effort to manufacture products without any additives, we sometimes need to add an additive for optimal ingredient flow during manufacturing and to ensure finished product integrity. While many supplement companies prefer to use chemical additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide, we prefer to use organic rice concentrate from USA-grown brown rice bran, which is naturally hypoallergenic and gluten-free. The rice concentrate is only added on an as-needed basis to ensure product integrity and is always declared in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product label.

Is B-Complex Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

B-Complex Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not B-Complex Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D3

What is vitamin K2?  What is vitamin D3?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has many documented functions in the human body including supporting calcium absorption, bone, dental, immune, breast and prostate health. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is a form of Vitamin D found in some plants, mushrooms, and yeast. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form made within human skin upon exposure to UVB radiation from the sun. Vitamin D3 can also be found in dietary supplements produced from lanolin or lichen. Evidence suggests that vitamin D3 may be more effective than D2 in maintaining stable levels in the human body.

The name vitamin K refers to a family of fat-soluble vitamins that possess a similar chemical structure but differ by the length of their side chains.  Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is found in green leafy vegetables and is the primary source of vitamin K in the American diet. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) is of microbial origin and is mainly present in select fermented foods like natto (fermented soybeans). While there are multiple forms of vitamin K2, the most bioavailable and biologically active form is MK-7, naturally present in natto. Vitamin K supports calcium absorption, and heart, bone dental, and prostate health.

What are some risk factors for a vitamin K and/or vitamin D deficiency?

Vitamin K

Individuals who have a difficult time digesting or absorbing fats are at a greater risk of deficiency since vitamin K is a fat-soluble nutrient. This includes those with gastrointestinal malabsorption disorders, impaired liver function and those with cystic fibrosis. The long-term use of some antibiotics may also negatively impact vitamin K synthesis and absorption. Anticoagulant medications, such as Warfarin, often function as vitamin K antagonists and may impact vitamin K levels and/or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. If taking medication, especially anticoagulant medications, it is very important to consult with a healthcare provider before consuming vitamin K from food or supplementation.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a common nutrient deficiency in the United States. Groups that are at high risk for developing vitamin D deficiency include: 

• individuals who primarily work indoors with limited sun exposure;
• individuals with dark skin because their skin has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun;
• obese individuals because their body fat binds to vitamin D, which prevents it from getting into the blood; and
• older adults because their skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as it does in younger individuals. 

It may be important to note that those who live in northern climates, where the intensity of UVB radiation tends to be less, often make insufficient amounts of Vitamin D and people with gastrointestinal disorders or malabsorption syndromes may also be at an increased risk for deficiency.

Are there any food sources of vitamin K or vitamin D?

Most western diets today provide vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) but very little vitamin K2 (menaquinones).  Vitamin K1 can be found in leafy green vegetables and some plant oils. Vitamin K2, however, is of microbial origin and is typically found only in select fermented foods such as some types of cheese (not processed), curds, and natto. The most reliable food source of Vitamin K2 is natto, a type of fermented soybeans. Natto provides vitamin K2 as MK-7, the most bioavailable and biologically active form of vitamin K2. Given that most diets provide little to no vitamin K2, supplementation may sometimes be necessary to meet the recommended dietary allowance.

One of the main sources of vitamin D comes from sunlight as it stimulates vitamin D synthesis in the skin. There are a few reliable food sources of vitamin D as well including salmon, tuna, sardines, and eggs.  Some foods are fortified with vitamin D such as milk, cereal and juices. However, these fortified foods may sometimes contain the less bioavailable Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) form.

How does vitamin K1 differ from vitamin K2 in regard to function and benefits?

The main role of vitamin K1 is supporting normal blood coagulation, or clotting. Vitamin K1 is primarily active in the liver with only a small amount being released for circulation in the body. Vitamin K2, on the other hand, especially the long-chain form MK-7, is circulated throughout the body and activates multiple vitamin K dependent proteins. This is one reason why vitamin K2 may provide unique and separate benefits from vitamin K1.  Research demonstrates that vitamin K2 helps the body absorb and utilize calcium efficiently, directing calcium to bones and away from arteries, supporting both bone and cardiovascular health in the process. 

What’s the difference between Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3?

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is a form of vitamin D found in some plants, mushrooms, and yeast.  Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form made by the body when the skin is exposed to UVB radiation from the sun. Vitamin D3 can also be found in dietary supplements produced from lanolin or lichen. Evidence suggests that vitamin D3 may be more effective than D2 in maintaining stable vitamin D levels in the human body.

Is it necessary to take vitamin K with vitamin D?

Vitamin D and vitamin K2 work synergistically to support proper calcium absorption in the body. While vitamin D promotes the absorption of dietary calcium and helps maintain blood calcium levels, vitamin K2 helps activate specific proteins that direct calcium to bones and teeth. Vitamin D and vitamin K2 work together to support both bone and cardiovascular health.

Some customers prefer the convenience of getting both vitamins in one product. If interested, we make a combination product called K2 + D3 Gold. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin K and vitamin D?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin K for individuals 18 years of age and older is 120 mcg. This goes down to 90 mcg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin D for individuals 18 years of age and older is 20 mcg (800 IU). This goes down to 15 mcg (600 IU) per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for vitamin K or vitamin D?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The UL established for Vitamin D in adults is 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) per day. However, it is common for a medical provider to determine that a larger amount of Vitamin D is necessary in cases of severe deficiency.

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. Vitamin K has a very low level of toxicity in the human body since it is rapidly metabolized and is stored only in small amounts. Given this, the FNB has not established an upper intake level (UL) for vitamin K. This applies to both vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone).

Can vitamin K2 and D3 supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. Vitamin K may interfere with oral anticoagulants or blood thinning medications and should always be discussed with a licensed health provider before consuming.

Questions about Vitamin K2 + D3 Gold

What are the sources of K2 and D3 in Vitamin K2 + D3 Gold?

The vitamin K2 in our Vitamin K2 Gold product is sourced from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. We have chosen this natto source of vitamin K2 for two key reasons—Vitamin K2 (as MK-7) is naturally present in high amounts in natto and the MK-7 form of K2 is the most bioavailable and biologically active form of vitamin K and helps ensure consistent blood levels of this vitamin. 

All of our Vitamin D3 Gold products, including Vitamin K2 + D3 Gold, feature vitamin D from wild-crafted, sustainable lichen—a food source of natural Vitamin D3. Lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free non-GMO verified source of bioavailable D3.

Is lichen-sourced vitamin D3 safe for human consumption?

Yes, lichen has been historically consumed in Europe, Asia and America as human food. The vitamin D3 in our product is sourced from Reindeer Lichen, a species of lichen traditionally used by Native Americans as food. Our wild-crafted lichen is not treated with any pesticides, collected using an environmentally-friendly and sustainable method, and gently extracted using food-grade ethanol only. In addition, lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free non-GMO verified source of bioavailable D3, which is consistent with our commitment to making the cleanest supplements using the purest and most sustainable ingredients available.

Which source of Vitamin D is more bioavailable—lichen or lanolin?

There should be no difference in bioavailability between vitamin D from lichen and vitamin D from lanolin. Both sources provide vitamin D as cholecalciferol, the form made in skin upon exposure to sunlight.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its K2+D3 Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  K2 and D3  listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Vitamin K2 + D3 Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 are fat-soluble vitamins. Most fat-soluble vitamins (e.g. A, E, K) are better absorbed when consumed with dietary fat (usually a component of most meals). However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Why does K2+D3 Gold contain tapioca maltodextrin?

At NutriGold, we are philosophically opposed to the use of chemical additives and synthetic preservatives in our products. For this reason we avoid magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide as well as additives commonly sourced from GM ingredients like corn starch, corn maltodextrin, and soy lecithin. Although we make every effort to manufacture products without the use of any excipients, there are situations when an additive may be required to ensure production efficiency and finished product integrity. When that happens, we take care to use plant-based additives like the tapioca maltodextrin in our K2+D3 Gold product. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is K2+D3 Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

K2+D3 Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Vitamin D3 Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin B12

What is vitamin B12?

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble nutrient known for having one of the most complex chemical structures of all vitamins. Vitamin B12 is also referred to as cobalamin because it contains a metal ion, cobalt. Vitamin B12 has many important functions in the human body.  Vitamin B12 supports cellular energy production by helping the body convert carbohydrates into glucose. Vitamin B12 is also necessary for supporting a healthy nervous system, cognitive health and overall emotional wellness. Even the body’s genetic material, DNA and RNA, requires vitamin B12 for production.

What are some risk factors for a B12 deficiency?

Individuals at risk for B12 vitamin deficiency include alcoholics and those with gastrointestinal disorders such as persistent diarrhea, malabsorption syndromes, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.  Because adequate levels of stomach acid are required to absorb B12 from food, senior citizens and anyone with reduced levels of stomach acid may be at greater risk of deficiency as well. In addition, strict vegetarians sometimes require supplementation since B12 is mainly found in animal products, not plant-based foods.

Are there any food sources of B12?

Vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products and not plant-based foods. Reliable sources of vitamin B12 include seafood (sardines, salmon, tuna, cod), and beef, yogurt, cow’s milk, and eggs.  Some processed foods, such as cereal, are fortified with small amounts of vitamin B12. It may also be worth noting that certain vegetarian foods, like spirulina or wakame seaweed, often claim to have vitamin B12. However, these plant-based foods typically contain B12 analogues, which may not be properly utilized by the human body.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin B12?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin B12 for individuals 18 years of age and older is 2.4 mcg. This goes up to 2.8 mcg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for B12?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The FNB has not established an upper intake level (UL) for vitamin B12 due to its low level of toxicity.

Can B12 supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

• Still have questions?
• For general information about vitamin B-12, check out the resources below—
• Vitamin B12 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Vitamin B12 — Linus Pauling Institute
• Vitamin B12 — Harvard School of Public Health
• Vitamin B12 in Health and Disease
• For specific guidance on the suitability of vitamin B-12 to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider

Questions about B12 Gold

What is the source of B12 in Vitamin B12 Gold?

When formulating our vitamin products our preference is for organic, plant-based nutrients. However, vitamin B12 is an exception to this because there are no known biologically-active plant sources of B12. Our B-12 Gold product provides synthetic B12 in its biologically active forms—methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin. These bioactive forms of B12 are produced through microbial fermentation of multiple species of propionibacterium. The bacteria used in the process are verified non-GMO by the Non-GMO Project and verified vegan by Vegan Action.

What are methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin?

Methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin are biologically active forms of vitamin B-12 in the human body. Our products feature both bioactive forms for broad-spectrum benefits. Overall, methylcobalamin supports cardiovascular function, neurological health, and emotional wellness. Adenosylcobalamin is found in cellular tissues where it is stored in the mitochondria and supports cellular energy production.

What is the purpose of the "organic food blend" in Vitamin B12 Gold?

At Nutrigold, we are mindful of the fact that every ingredient in a product, regardless of whether it is an active ingredient that provides a health benefit or an additive that ensures finished product integrity, can and will likely have some impact on consumers’ health. This is why we are philosophically opposed to the use of synthetic, semi-synthetic, or commodity additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide commonly found in most commercially-available supplements. We choose instead to use organic, plant-based, pantry-friendly functional additives that not only have a history of safe use, but may help support the bioavailability and absorption of B12 in the finished product.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its B-12 Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  vitamin B12  listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

Why does B12 Gold provide such a high amount of vitamin B12?  Is it safe to take this much?

Healthcare providers often recommend high amounts of supplemental vitamin B12 because only about 1% is passively absorbed in the human body. Customers that are directed to supplement with vitamin B12 are often trying to correct a deficiency and may need more than what would be typically supplied in a daily multivitamin. To date, no upper intake level (UL) has been set by the Food & Nutrition Board for vitamin B12 due to its low level of toxicity and, according to the Linus Pauling Institute, "no toxic or adverse effects have been associated with large intakes of vitamin B12 from food or supplements in healthy people." We recognize that we are all unique individuals with often varied nutritional needs and we encourage all of our customers to consult with a licensed healthcare provider to determine what micronutrients they may or may not be lacking and what amounts are appropriate for their needs.

What is the best time of day to take B12 Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that can generally be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Should vitamin B12 be taken in a sublingual form for optimal absorption?

There is little evidence that sublingual forms are more bioavailable or better absorbed than the capsule form. In fact, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements, "sublingual and liquid preparations are frequently marketed as having superior bioavailability, although evidence suggests no difference in efficacy between oral and sublingual forms." Considering there is no difference between oral (capsule) and sublingual forms, we offer B12 Gold in capsule form because we are philosophically opposed to the use of any additives that are generally added to sublingual preparations. B12 Gold does, however, include an organic food blend, as a substitute for commodity additives like magnesium stearate or silicon dioxide, which are safe, gentle, and may support the absorption and utilization of B12. 

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is B-12 Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

B-12 Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not B-12 Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin C

What is vitamin C?

Vitamin C is a water-soluble micronutrient that is essential for many vital functions in the human body. While plants and most animals have the ability to synthesize their own vitamin C, humans do not have this ability and must consume vitamin C each day either in the diet or through supplementation. 

• As an antioxidant, vitamin C supports immune health and protects cells from free radicals. 
• Vitamin C also has the ability to extend the life of other key antioxidants, like vitamin E, by recycling or regenerating them. 
• The production of collagen in the body depends upon vitamin C. Given this, the health of connective tissue (skin, tendons, ligaments) requires vitamin C for normal functioning and structure. 
• Vitamin C also supports liver, heart, eye, and prenatal health. 

What are some risk factors for a vitamin C deficiency?

Consuming a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables each day may provide adequate amounts of vitamin C for some individuals. However, today’s over-reliance on refined and processed foods can provide a challenge to optimal vitamin C for others. It is important to note that vitamin C is not stored in the human body and must be consumed each day, either from the diet or through supplementation. Vitamin C requirements are sometimes increased during periods of psychological (e.g. anxiety) and physiological stress (e.g. infection, alcohol and drug use, injury, surgery, burns or fatigue). Other individuals that are at risk for a vitamin C deficiency include smokers and those with gastrointestinal disorders such as malabsorption syndromes, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Are there any food sources of vitamin C?

Vitamin C can be found in a wide variety of plant-based foods. Consuming at least five servings a day of fresh fruits and vegetables is the best way to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin C. Fruits that contain substantial amounts of vitamin C include strawberries, kiwifruit, bell peppers, papaya, pineapple, lemons/limes, watermelon, and grapefruit.  The richest vegetable sources of vitamin C are broccoli, brussel sprouts, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, bok choy, collard greens, swiss chard, asparagus, sweet potatoes, and winter/summer squash.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin C for individuals 18 years of age and older is 90 mg. This goes up to 120 mg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for Vitamin C?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The UL for vitamin C in adults is set at 2,000 milligrams per day. This UL has been established primarily in an effort to prevent gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps) which can occur from a high intake of vitamin C. In addition, excess Vitamin C (~ 2000 mg a day) may increase urine oxalate, a component of a common variety of kidney stone.

Can vitamin C supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

Taking vitamin C supplements at the same time as some medications may result in decreased absorption and efficacy of the medication and/or the vitamin C supplement. If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about vitamin C, check out the resources below—
• Vitamin C Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Vitamin C — Linus Pauling Institute
• Vitamin C — Harvard School of Public Health
• Vitamin C in Disease Prevention and Cure: An Overview
• For specific guidance on the suitability of vitamin C to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Vitamin C Gold

What is the source of vitamin C in Vitamin C Gold?

Vitamin C Gold provides a gentle and nourishing form of  plant-based vitamin C from amla and other ingredients in the organic food blend. The full list of organic foods can be found under the ‘Organic Food Blend’ in the supplement facts panel (on the label) and on the product page on our website. Vitamin C Gold is not synthetic vitamin C fermented, grown or cultured in yeast or a blend of organic foods fortified with synthetic vitamin C and marketed as “whole-food” or “food-based” vitamin C.

How does Vitamin C Gold compare to other commercially-available vitamin C supplements?

Most vitamin C products on the market provide ascorbic acid, a lab-made compound that does not occur in its isolated form in nature and is distinct from the vitamin C that is naturally present in food. Ascorbic Acid is frequently used to describe vitamin C, but ascorbic acid is merely the shell of vitamin C. In nature, vitamin C actually contains numerous other biologically active compounds (e.g. bioflavonoids) and enzymes, in addition to ascorbic acid, that work synergistically to deliver health benefits.

Vitamin C Gold provides plant-based vitamin C from organic amla and other fruits and berries in the organic food blend.  The full list of organic foods can be found under the ‘Organic Food Blend’ in the supplement facts panel (on the label) and on the product page on our website. Vitamin C Gold is not synthetic vitamin C fermented, grown or cultured in yeast, or a blend of organic foods fortified with synthetic vitamin C and marketed as “whole-food” or “food-based” vitamin C. 

Due to its acidic nature, some people experience gastrointestinal problems when supplementing with ascorbic acid.  In an effort to make it less irritating to the digestive system, some brands offer buffered forms of ascorbic acid which is made by binding it to an alkaline mineral, such as calcium. Synthetic vitamin C, regardless of the delivery form, is not the same as vitamin C from living foods like amla, strawberries, kiwi, and papaya, among others. Generally speaking, plant-based forms of vitamin C do not cause digestive upset and therefore do not require any extra buffering agent.

I was told that it is okay to take vitamin C in high dosages. Can I take more than what is suggested on the label?

Because we are not a licensed healthcare provider, we regret we cannot make any recommendations with regard to taking a dosage higher than what is suggested on the product label. However, we can provide context for why we offer a 240 mg vitamin C supplement (instead of a higher dose vitamin C product) so you can make the purchasing decision that is right for you.

There is very little consensus on what the optimal daily amount of vitamin C is and the actual amount varies from about 250 mg to as much as 10 grams per day. Some of this variation may be explained by the reasons for supplementing with vitamin C. Vitamin C requirement is increased during periods of psychological (e.g. anxiety) and physiological stress (e.g. infection, alcohol and drug use, injury, surgery, burns or fatigue), so depending on the reasons for supplementation, recommended dosages can vary based on diet, lifestyle factors, and individual health goals.

The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of vitamin C for an adult ranges from 75 mg to 120 mg per day and this dosage is considered adequate for the prevention of vitamin C deficiency. However, if a higher dosage is warranted, there are a number of reasons why smaller doses of vitamin C taken throughout the day may be more effective than taking a single high dose of vitamin C —

• Blood levels of vitamin C take about 2 to 3 hours to reach their peak, after which point levels start to decrease as unabsorbed vitamin C is eliminated in the urine and through perspiration;
• Higher doses of vitamin C don't necessarily provide additional benefits beyond what are achieved at smaller doses (~ 250 mg);
• Taken orally, the larger the dose, the less is absorbed. For example, 80% of a 250 mg vitamin C supplement will be absorbed, whereas only 50% of a 2000 mg supplement will be absorbed (the rest is excreted through urination or perspiration)
• Excess vitamin C (~ 2000 mg a day) increases urine oxalate, a component of a common variety of kidney stone, by 22%, and men who take 1000 mg or more of vitamin C have up to a 40% higher risk of stone formation.

Given this, we believe the optimal dosing for vitamin C may be to take a small daily dose (~250 mg) to minimize deficiency risk and increase the frequency of dosing (~ 250 mg every 3 to 4 hours up to 4 times a day) during times of psychological and/or physiological stress to support the body’s increased need for vitamin C. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best to support your particular health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Vitamin C Gold products?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  vitamin C listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Vitamin C Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that can generally be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Vitamin C Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Vitamin C Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Vitamin C Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin D

What is Vitamin D?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with many functions in the human body including supporting calcium absorption, bone, dental, immune, breast and prostate health.

What are some risk factors for a vitamin D deficiency?

Vitamin D is a common nutrient deficiency in the United States. Groups that are at high risk for developing vitamin D deficiency include: 

• individuals who primarily work indoors with limited sun exposure;
• individuals with dark skin because their skin has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun;
• obese individuals because their body fat binds to vitamin D, which prevents it from getting into the blood; and
• older adults because their skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as it does in younger individuals. 

It may be important to note that those who live in northern climates, where the intensity of UVB radiation tends to be less, often make insufficient amounts of Vitamin D and people with gastrointestinal disorders or malabsorption syndromes may also be at an increased risk for deficiency.

Are there any food sources of Vitamin D?

One of the main sources of vitamin D comes from sunlight as it stimulates vitamin D synthesis in the skin. There are a few reliable food sources of vitamin D as well including salmon, tuna, sardines, and eggs.  Some foods are fortified with vitamin D such as milk, cereal and juices. However, these fortified foods may sometimes contain the less bioavailable Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) form.

What’s the difference between Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3?

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is a form of vitamin D found in some plants, mushrooms, and yeast.  Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form made by the body when the skin is exposed to UVB radiation from the sun. Vitamin D3 can also be found in dietary supplements produced from lanolin or lichen. Evidence suggests that vitamin D3 may be more effective than D2 in maintaining stable vitamin D levels in the human body.

Is it necessary to take vitamin K with vitamin D?

Vitamin D and vitamin K work synergistically to support proper calcium absorption in the body. While vitamin D promotes the absorption of dietary calcium and helps maintain blood calcium levels, vitamin K helps activate specific proteins that direct calcium to bones and teeth. Vitamin D and vitamin K work together to support both bone and cardiovascular health.

Some customers prefer the convenience of getting both vitamins in one product. If interested, we make a combination product called K2 + D3 Gold. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin D for individuals 18 years of age and older is 20 mcg (800 IU). This goes down to 15 mcg (600 IU) per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for Vitamin D?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The UL established for Vitamin D in adults is 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) per day. However, it is common for a medical provider to determine that a larger amount of Vitamin D is necessary in cases of severe deficiency.

Can vitamin D supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about Vitamin D3 Gold

What is the source of vitamin D in Vitamin D3 Gold?

All of our Vitamin D3 Gold products feature vitamin D from wild-crafted, sustainable lichen. Lichen is a complex life form that represents a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms—fungi and algae. Lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free, non-GMO verified source of bioavailable vitamin D (as D3 cholecalciferol).

Is lichen-sourced vitamin D3 safe for human consumption?

Yes, lichen has been historically consumed in Europe, Asia and America as human food. The vitamin D3 in our product is sourced from Reindeer Lichen, a species of lichen traditionally used by Native Americans as food. Our wild-crafted lichen is not treated with any pesticides, collected using an environmentally-friendly and sustainable method, and gently extracted using food-grade ethanol only. In addition, lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free non-GMO verified source of bioavailable D3, which is consistent with our commitment to making the cleanest supplements using the purest and most sustainable ingredients available.

Which source of Vitamin D is more bioavailable - lichen or lanolin?

There should be no difference in bioavailability between vitamin D from lichen and vitamin D from lanolin. Both sources provide vitamin D as cholecalciferol, the form made in skin upon exposure to sunlight.

How do I know which Vitamin D3 Gold product is right for me?

NutriGold offers 4 different formulations of vitamin D3 with varying potencies—1000 IU, 2000 IU, 2500 IU, and 5000 IU. The decision on the vitamin D supplement that is right for your particular health needs should be made in consultation with and under the guidance of your healthcare provider. Contrary to popular belief, more is not always better, and there can be very real adverse consequences to taking a higher dose of vitamin D than what is needed to maintain optimal health. 

Is Vitamin D3 Gold certified organic?

Vitamin D3 Gold is made from wild-crafted lichen and wild-crafted products cannot be certified organic at this time. However, our lichen source is not exposed to any industrial pesticides or agricultural chemicals and is considered compliant with organic farming practices in terms of purity and sustainability.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Vitamin D3 Gold products?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  vitamin D3  listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Vitamin D3 Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Most fat-soluble vitamins (e.g. A, E, K) are better absorbed when consumed with dietary fat (usually a component of most meals). Research demonstrates, however, that the amount of fat that is consumed with oral supplementation of vitamin D does not significantly modify the bioavailability of vitamin D3. Given this, Vitamin D3 Gold can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Why does Vitamin D3 Gold contain tapioca maltodextrin?

At NutriGold, we are philosophically opposed to the use of chemical additives and synthetic preservatives in our products. For this reason we avoid magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide as well as additives commonly sourced from GM ingredients like corn starch, corn maltodextrin, and soy lecithin. Although we make every effort to manufacture products without the use of any additives, there may be situations when an additive may be required to ensure production efficiency and finished product integrity. When that happens, we take care to use plant-based additives like the tapioca maltodextrin in our Vitamin D3 Gold. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Vitamin D3 Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Vitamin D3 Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Vitamin D3 Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin D

What is Vitamin D?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with many functions in the human body including supporting calcium absorption, bone, dental, immune, breast and prostate health.

What are some risk factors for a vitamin D deficiency?

Vitamin D is a common nutrient deficiency in the United States. Groups that are at high risk for developing vitamin D deficiency include: 

• individuals who primarily work indoors with limited sun exposure;
• individuals with dark skin because their skin has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun;
• obese individuals because their body fat binds to vitamin D, which prevents it from getting into the blood; and
• older adults because their skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as it does in younger individuals. 

It may be important to note that those who live in northern climates, where the intensity of UVB radiation tends to be less, often make insufficient amounts of Vitamin D and people with gastrointestinal disorders or malabsorption syndromes may also be at an increased risk for deficiency.

Are there any food sources of Vitamin D?

One of the main sources of vitamin D comes from sunlight as it stimulates vitamin D synthesis in the skin. There are a few reliable food sources of vitamin D as well including salmon, tuna, sardines, and eggs.  Some foods are fortified with vitamin D such as milk, cereal and juices. However, these fortified foods may sometimes contain the less bioavailable Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) form.

What’s the difference between Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3?

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is a form of vitamin D found in some plants, mushrooms, and yeast.  Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form made by the body when the skin is exposed to UVB radiation from the sun. Vitamin D3 can also be found in dietary supplements produced from lanolin or lichen. Evidence suggests that vitamin D3 may be more effective than D2 in maintaining stable vitamin D levels in the human body.

Is it necessary to take vitamin K with vitamin D?

Vitamin D and vitamin K work synergistically to support proper calcium absorption in the body. While vitamin D promotes the absorption of dietary calcium and helps maintain blood calcium levels, vitamin K helps activate specific proteins that direct calcium to bones and teeth. Vitamin D and vitamin K work together to support both bone and cardiovascular health.

Some customers prefer the convenience of getting both vitamins in one product. If interested, we make a combination product called K2 + D3 Gold. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin D for individuals 18 years of age and older is 20 mcg (800 IU). This goes down to 15 mcg (600 IU) per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for Vitamin D?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The UL established for Vitamin D in adults is 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) per day. However, it is common for a medical provider to determine that a larger amount of Vitamin D is necessary in cases of severe deficiency.

Can vitamin D supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about Vitamin D3 Gold

What is the source of vitamin D in Vitamin D3 Gold?

All of our Vitamin D3 Gold products feature vitamin D from wild-crafted, sustainable lichen. Lichen is a complex life form that represents a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms—fungi and algae. Lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free, non-GMO verified source of bioavailable vitamin D (as D3 cholecalciferol).

Is lichen-sourced vitamin D3 safe for human consumption?

Yes, lichen has been historically consumed in Europe, Asia and America as human food. The vitamin D3 in our product is sourced from Reindeer Lichen, a species of lichen traditionally used by Native Americans as food. Our wild-crafted lichen is not treated with any pesticides, collected using an environmentally-friendly and sustainable method, and gently extracted using food-grade ethanol only. In addition, lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free non-GMO verified source of bioavailable D3, which is consistent with our commitment to making the cleanest supplements using the purest and most sustainable ingredients available.

Which source of Vitamin D is more bioavailable - lichen or lanolin?

There should be no difference in bioavailability between vitamin D from lichen and vitamin D from lanolin. Both sources provide vitamin D as cholecalciferol, the form made in skin upon exposure to sunlight.

How do I know which Vitamin D3 Gold product is right for me?

NutriGold offers 4 different formulations of vitamin D3 with varying potencies—1000 IU, 2000 IU, 2500 IU, and 5000 IU. The decision on the vitamin D supplement that is right for your particular health needs should be made in consultation with and under the guidance of your healthcare provider. Contrary to popular belief, more is not always better, and there can be very real adverse consequences to taking a higher dose of vitamin D than what is needed to maintain optimal health. 

Is Vitamin D3 Gold certified organic?

Vitamin D3 Gold is made from wild-crafted lichen and wild-crafted products cannot be certified organic at this time. However, our lichen source is not exposed to any industrial pesticides or agricultural chemicals and is considered compliant with organic farming practices in terms of purity and sustainability.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Vitamin D3 Gold products?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  vitamin D3  listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Vitamin D3 Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Most fat-soluble vitamins (e.g. A, E, K) are better absorbed when consumed with dietary fat (usually a component of most meals). Research demonstrates, however, that the amount of fat that is consumed with oral supplementation of vitamin D does not significantly modify the bioavailability of vitamin D3. Given this, Vitamin D3 Gold can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Why does Vitamin D3 Gold contain tapioca maltodextrin?

At NutriGold, we are philosophically opposed to the use of chemical additives and synthetic preservatives in our products. For this reason we avoid magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide as well as additives commonly sourced from GM ingredients like corn starch, corn maltodextrin, and soy lecithin. Although we make every effort to manufacture products without the use of any additives, there may be situations when an additive may be required to ensure production efficiency and finished product integrity. When that happens, we take care to use plant-based additives like the tapioca maltodextrin in our Vitamin D3 Gold. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Vitamin D3 Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Vitamin D3 Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Vitamin D3 Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin D

What is Vitamin D?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with many functions in the human body including supporting calcium absorption, bone, dental, immune, breast and prostate health.

What are some risk factors for a vitamin D deficiency?

Vitamin D is a common nutrient deficiency in the United States. Groups that are at high risk for developing vitamin D deficiency include: 

• individuals who primarily work indoors with limited sun exposure;
• individuals with dark skin because their skin has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun;
• obese individuals because their body fat binds to vitamin D, which prevents it from getting into the blood; and
• older adults because their skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as it does in younger individuals. 

It may be important to note that those who live in northern climates, where the intensity of UVB radiation tends to be less, often make insufficient amounts of Vitamin D and people with gastrointestinal disorders or malabsorption syndromes may also be at an increased risk for deficiency.

Are there any food sources of Vitamin D?

One of the main sources of vitamin D comes from sunlight as it stimulates vitamin D synthesis in the skin. There are a few reliable food sources of vitamin D as well including salmon, tuna, sardines, and eggs.  Some foods are fortified with vitamin D such as milk, cereal and juices. However, these fortified foods may sometimes contain the less bioavailable Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) form.

What’s the difference between Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3?

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is a form of vitamin D found in some plants, mushrooms, and yeast.  Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form made by the body when the skin is exposed to UVB radiation from the sun. Vitamin D3 can also be found in dietary supplements produced from lanolin or lichen. Evidence suggests that vitamin D3 may be more effective than D2 in maintaining stable vitamin D levels in the human body.

Is it necessary to take vitamin K with vitamin D?

Vitamin D and vitamin K work synergistically to support proper calcium absorption in the body. While vitamin D promotes the absorption of dietary calcium and helps maintain blood calcium levels, vitamin K helps activate specific proteins that direct calcium to bones and teeth. Vitamin D and vitamin K work together to support both bone and cardiovascular health.

Some customers prefer the convenience of getting both vitamins in one product. If interested, we make a combination product called K2 + D3 Gold. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin D for individuals 18 years of age and older is 20 mcg (800 IU). This goes down to 15 mcg (600 IU) per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for Vitamin D?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The UL established for Vitamin D in adults is 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) per day. However, it is common for a medical provider to determine that a larger amount of Vitamin D is necessary in cases of severe deficiency.

Can vitamin D supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about Vitamin D3 Gold

What is the source of vitamin D in Vitamin D3 Gold?

All of our Vitamin D3 Gold products feature vitamin D from wild-crafted, sustainable lichen. Lichen is a complex life form that represents a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms—fungi and algae. Lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free, non-GMO verified source of bioavailable vitamin D (as D3 cholecalciferol).

Is lichen-sourced vitamin D3 safe for human consumption?

Yes, lichen has been historically consumed in Europe, Asia and America as human food. The vitamin D3 in our product is sourced from Reindeer Lichen, a species of lichen traditionally used by Native Americans as food. Our wild-crafted lichen is not treated with any pesticides, collected using an environmentally-friendly and sustainable method, and gently extracted using food-grade ethanol only. In addition, lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free non-GMO verified source of bioavailable D3, which is consistent with our commitment to making the cleanest supplements using the purest and most sustainable ingredients available.

Which source of Vitamin D is more bioavailable - lichen or lanolin?

There should be no difference in bioavailability between vitamin D from lichen and vitamin D from lanolin. Both sources provide vitamin D as cholecalciferol, the form made in skin upon exposure to sunlight.

How do I know which Vitamin D3 Gold product is right for me?

NutriGold offers 4 different formulations of vitamin D3 with varying potencies—1000 IU, 2000 IU, 2500 IU, and 5000 IU. The decision on the vitamin D supplement that is right for your particular health needs should be made in consultation with and under the guidance of your healthcare provider. Contrary to popular belief, more is not always better, and there can be very real adverse consequences to taking a higher dose of vitamin D than what is needed to maintain optimal health. 

Is Vitamin D3 Gold certified organic?

Vitamin D3 Gold is made from wild-crafted lichen and wild-crafted products cannot be certified organic at this time. However, our lichen source is not exposed to any industrial pesticides or agricultural chemicals and is considered compliant with organic farming practices in terms of purity and sustainability.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Vitamin D3 Gold products?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  vitamin D3  listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Vitamin D3 Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Most fat-soluble vitamins (e.g. A, E, K) are better absorbed when consumed with dietary fat (usually a component of most meals). Research demonstrates, however, that the amount of fat that is consumed with oral supplementation of vitamin D does not significantly modify the bioavailability of vitamin D3. Given this, Vitamin D3 Gold can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Why does Vitamin D3 Gold contain tapioca maltodextrin?

At NutriGold, we are philosophically opposed to the use of chemical additives and synthetic preservatives in our products. For this reason we avoid magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide as well as additives commonly sourced from GM ingredients like corn starch, corn maltodextrin, and soy lecithin. Although we make every effort to manufacture products without the use of any additives, there may be situations when an additive may be required to ensure production efficiency and finished product integrity. When that happens, we take care to use plant-based additives like the tapioca maltodextrin in our Vitamin D3 Gold. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Vitamin D3 Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Vitamin D3 Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Vitamin D3 Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin D

What is Vitamin D?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with many functions in the human body including supporting calcium absorption, bone, dental, immune, breast and prostate health.

What are some risk factors for a vitamin D deficiency?

Vitamin D is a common nutrient deficiency in the United States. Groups that are at high risk for developing vitamin D deficiency include: 

• individuals who primarily work indoors with limited sun exposure;
• individuals with dark skin because their skin has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun;
• obese individuals because their body fat binds to vitamin D, which prevents it from getting into the blood; and
• older adults because their skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as it does in younger individuals. 

It may be important to note that those who live in northern climates, where the intensity of UVB radiation tends to be less, often make insufficient amounts of Vitamin D and people with gastrointestinal disorders or malabsorption syndromes may also be at an increased risk for deficiency.

Are there any food sources of Vitamin D?

One of the main sources of vitamin D comes from sunlight as it stimulates vitamin D synthesis in the skin. There are a few reliable food sources of vitamin D as well including salmon, tuna, sardines, and eggs.  Some foods are fortified with vitamin D such as milk, cereal and juices. However, these fortified foods may sometimes contain the less bioavailable Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) form.

What’s the difference between Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3?

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is a form of vitamin D found in some plants, mushrooms, and yeast.  Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form made by the body when the skin is exposed to UVB radiation from the sun. Vitamin D3 can also be found in dietary supplements produced from lanolin or lichen. Evidence suggests that vitamin D3 may be more effective than D2 in maintaining stable vitamin D levels in the human body.

Is it necessary to take vitamin K with vitamin D?

Vitamin D and vitamin K work synergistically to support proper calcium absorption in the body. While vitamin D promotes the absorption of dietary calcium and helps maintain blood calcium levels, vitamin K helps activate specific proteins that direct calcium to bones and teeth. Vitamin D and vitamin K work together to support both bone and cardiovascular health.

Some customers prefer the convenience of getting both vitamins in one product. If interested, we make a combination product called K2 + D3 Gold. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin D for individuals 18 years of age and older is 20 mcg (800 IU). This goes down to 15 mcg (600 IU) per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for Vitamin D?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The UL established for Vitamin D in adults is 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) per day. However, it is common for a medical provider to determine that a larger amount of Vitamin D is necessary in cases of severe deficiency.

Can vitamin D supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Questions about Vitamin D3 Gold

What is the source of vitamin D in Vitamin D3 Gold?

All of our Vitamin D3 Gold products feature vitamin D from wild-crafted, sustainable lichen. Lichen is a complex life form that represents a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms—fungi and algae. Lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free, non-GMO verified source of bioavailable vitamin D (as D3 cholecalciferol).

Is lichen-sourced vitamin D3 safe for human consumption?

Yes, lichen has been historically consumed in Europe, Asia and America as human food. The vitamin D3 in our product is sourced from Reindeer Lichen, a species of lichen traditionally used by Native Americans as food. Our wild-crafted lichen is not treated with any pesticides, collected using an environmentally-friendly and sustainable method, and gently extracted using food-grade ethanol only. In addition, lichen is an organic-compliant, vegan, kosher, allergen-free non-GMO verified source of bioavailable D3, which is consistent with our commitment to making the cleanest supplements using the purest and most sustainable ingredients available.

Which source of Vitamin D is more bioavailable - lichen or lanolin?

There should be no difference in bioavailability between vitamin D from lichen and vitamin D from lanolin. Both sources provide vitamin D as cholecalciferol, the form made in skin upon exposure to sunlight.

How do I know which Vitamin D3 Gold product is right for me?

NutriGold offers 4 different formulations of vitamin D3 with varying potencies—1000 IU, 2000 IU, 2500 IU, and 5000 IU. The decision on the vitamin D supplement that is right for your particular health needs should be made in consultation with and under the guidance of your healthcare provider. Contrary to popular belief, more is not always better, and there can be very real adverse consequences to taking a higher dose of vitamin D than what is needed to maintain optimal health. 

Is Vitamin D3 Gold certified organic?

Vitamin D3 Gold is made from wild-crafted lichen and wild-crafted products cannot be certified organic at this time. However, our lichen source is not exposed to any industrial pesticides or agricultural chemicals and is considered compliant with organic farming practices in terms of purity and sustainability.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Vitamin D3 Gold products?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  vitamin D3  listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Vitamin D3 Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Most fat-soluble vitamins (e.g. A, E, K) are better absorbed when consumed with dietary fat (usually a component of most meals). Research demonstrates, however, that the amount of fat that is consumed with oral supplementation of vitamin D does not significantly modify the bioavailability of vitamin D3. Given this, Vitamin D3 Gold can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Why does Vitamin D3 Gold contain tapioca maltodextrin?

At NutriGold, we are philosophically opposed to the use of chemical additives and synthetic preservatives in our products. For this reason we avoid magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide as well as additives commonly sourced from GM ingredients like corn starch, corn maltodextrin, and soy lecithin. Although we make every effort to manufacture products without the use of any additives, there may be situations when an additive may be required to ensure production efficiency and finished product integrity. When that happens, we take care to use plant-based additives like the tapioca maltodextrin in our Vitamin D3 Gold. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Vitamin D3 Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Vitamin D3 Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Vitamin D3 Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Vitamin K2

What is vitamin K?

Vitamin K refers to a family of fat-soluble vitamins that possess a similar chemical structure but differ by the length of their side chains.  Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is found in green leafy vegetables and is the primary source of vitamin K in the American diet. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) is of microbial origin and is mainly present in select fermented foods like natto (fermented soybeans). While there are multiple forms of vitamin K2, the most bioavailable and biologically active form is MK-7, which is the form that is present in natto. Vitamin K supports calcium absorption, and heart, bone dental, and prostate health.

What are some risk factors for a vitamin K deficiency?

Individuals who have a difficult time digesting or absorbing fats are at a greater risk of deficiency since vitamin K is a fat-soluble nutrient. This includes those with gastrointestinal malabsorption disorders, impaired liver function and those with cystic fibrosis. The long-term use of some antibiotics may also negatively impact vitamin K synthesis and absorption. Anticoagulant medications, such as Warfarin, often function as vitamin K antagonists and may impact vitamin K levels and/or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. If taking medication, especially anticoagulant medications, it is very important to consult with a healthcare provider before consuming vitamin K from food or supplementation.

Are there any food sources of vitamin K?

Most western diets today provide vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) but very little vitamin K2 (menaquinones).  Vitamin K1 can be found in leafy green vegetables and some plant oils. Vitamin K2, however, is of microbial origin and is typically found only in select fermented foods such as some types of cheese (not processed), curds, and natto. The most reliable food source of Vitamin K2 is natto, a type of fermented soybeans. Natto provides vitamin K2 as MK-7, the most bioavailable and biologically active form of vitamin K2. Given that most diets provide little to no vitamin K2, supplementation may sometimes be necessary to meet the recommended dietary allowance.

How does vitamin K1 differ from vitamin K2 in regard to function and benefits?

The main role of vitamin K1 is supporting normal blood coagulation, or clotting. Vitamin K1 is primarily active in the liver with only a small amount being released for circulation in the body. Vitamin K2, on the other hand, especially the long-chain form MK-7, is circulated throughout the body and activates multiple vitamin K dependent proteins. This is one reason why vitamin K2 may provide unique and separate benefits from vitamin K1.  Research demonstrates that vitamin K2 helps the body absorb and utilize calcium efficiently, directing calcium to bones and away from arteries, supporting both bone and cardiovascular health in the process. 

Is it necessary to take vitamin K2 with vitamin D?

Vitamin D and vitamin K2 work synergistically to support proper calcium absorption in the body. While vitamin D promotes the absorption of dietary calcium and helps maintain blood calcium levels, vitamin K2 helps activate specific proteins that direct calcium to bones and teeth. Vitamin D and vitamin K2 work together to support both bone and cardiovascular health.

Some customers prefer the convenience of getting both vitamins in one product. If interested, we make a combination product called K2 + D3 Gold. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin K?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for vitamin K for individuals 18 years of age and older is 120 mcg. This goes down to 90 mcg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for vitamin K?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. Vitamin K has a very low level of toxicity in the human body since it is rapidly metabolized and is stored only in small amounts. Given this, the FNB has not established an upper intake level (UL) for vitamin K. This applies to both vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone).

Can vitamin K2 supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. Vitamin K may interfere with oral anticoagulants or blood thinning medications and should always be discussed with a licensed health provider before consuming.

Questions about Vitamin K2 Gold

What is the source of K2 in Vitamin K2 Gold?

The vitamin K2 in our Vitamin K2 Gold product is sourced from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. We have chosen this natto source of vitamin K2 for two key reasons— 

1. Vitamin K2 (as MK-7) is naturally present in high amounts in natto. 
2. The MK-7 form of K2 is the most bioavailable and biologically active form of vitamin K and helps ensure consistent blood levels of this vitamin. 

How does Vitamin K2 Gold compare with other commercially-available vitamin K supplements?

There are generally three forms of K vitamins presently available in dietary supplements—synthetic vitamin K1, synthetic menaquinone-4 (MK-4), and natural or synthetic vitamin K2 as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). NutriGold’s Vitamin K2 (as MK-7) is naturally created through the action of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans, without the use of any chemical solvents. The soy protein in natto is removed during processing and the finished product is verified free of soy allergen by an independent, third-party lab. 

The K2 (as MK-7) in Vitamin K2 Gold is highly stable, bioavailable, and 100% trans-form. Recent studies show that natural vitamin K2 as MK-7 is consistently much more effective compared to both vitamin K1 and MK-4 because of its enhanced bioavailability (well-absorbed) and bioactivity (half-life time). 

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Vitamin K2 Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  vitamin K listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Vitamin K2 Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin. Most fat-soluble vitamins (e.g. A, E, K) are better absorbed when consumed with dietary fat (usually a component of most meals). However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Why does Vitamin K2 Gold contain tapioca maltodextrin?

At NutriGold, we are philosophically opposed to the use of chemical additives and synthetic preservatives in our products. For this reason we avoid magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide as well as additives that are typically at risk of being sourced from GM ingredients (e.g. corn, soy). Although we make every effort to manufacture products without the use of any additives, we sometimes have to use plant-based additives that are generally recognized as safe on an as-needed basis to ensure finished product integrity, and the tapioca maltodextrin we use as a carrier meets that standard. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Vitamin K2 Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Vitamin K2 Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Vitamin K2 Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Iodine

What is iodine?

Iodine is a mineral required by the human body to make thyroid hormones, which play a key role in metabolism, as well as bone and brain development during pregnancy and infancy.

What is the difference between iodine (from kelp) and potassium iodide supplements?

Potassium iodide is synthetic and typically created in a lab using industrial chemicals. The iodine in Iodine Gold is from whole kelp thallus, which contains a multitude of nutrients in addition to iodine, including trace minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. Seaweed sources of iodine may be safer than synthetic forms due to a natural delayed release which may provide for greater bioavailability of iodine in the human body. That being said, different forms of iodine may be indicated based on individual needs, so we recommend talking to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation. 

What are some risk factors for an iodine deficiency?

Iodine deficiency is common in many countries. In fact, over 30% of the world’s population may have insufficient iodine intake, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Iodine content in the soil can vary greatly by region, which impacts the iodine content of fruits and vegetables. For example, the Midwest region of the United States is known for being an iodine-deficient area. The processing of food can also contribute to iodine loss.

It is important to note that a developing fetus and newborn infant are completely dependent upon maternal iodine intake in order to produce necessary thyroid hormones. So, pregnant women and lactating mothers are especially prone to iodine deficiency since they require higher amounts of iodine each day to support healthy fetal development. 

Are there any food sources of iodine?

Seafood and edible seaweed (e.g. kelp, wakame) tend to be the richest food sources of iodine since they come from seawater, which is naturally high in iodine. Other food sources include eggs, fruit, and whole grains. Salt can also contribute to iodine intake but only if it is iodized, or fortified with iodine.

What is the recommended daily allowance for iodine?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for iodine for individuals 18 years of age and older is 150 mcg. This goes up to 290 mcg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for iodine?

The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has set the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for iodine at 1,100 mcg/day. The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk.

Can iodine supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

Iodine supplements may potentially interact or interfere with some types of medication including thyroid medication and ACE inhibitors. If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about iodine, check out the resources below—
• Iodine Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Iodine — Linus Pauling Institute
• Iodine— Medline Plus
• Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review
• For specific guidance on the suitability of iodine to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Iodine Gold

What is the source of the iodine in Iodine Gold?

Our iodine is delivered as part of kelp seaweed, sustainably harvested from the cold, clean waters of Northwest Iceland.  Iodine Gold provides a safe, sustainable and highly traceable form of natural iodine. The kelp seaweed used in our product is fresh-dried at controlled low temperatures to protect the complex array of minerals, vitamins, and beneficial phytonutrients.

What is the purpose of the organic food blend in Iodine Gold?

At NutriGold, we are mindful of the fact that every ingredient in a product, regardless of whether it is an active ingredient that provides a health benefit or an additive that ensures finished product integrity, can and will likely have some impact on consumers’ health. This is why we are philosophically opposed to the use of synthetic, semi-synthetic, or commodity additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide commonly found in most commercially-available supplements. We choose instead to use plant-based, pantry-friendly functional additives that not only have a history of safe use, but may help support the bioavailability and absorption of iodine and other nutrients in kelp.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Iodine Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website, so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. You can also visit our Certificates of Analysis page to view all product certificates.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  iodine  listed on the label (300 mcg) is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis(C of A) that are freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. To learn more about our commitment to independent, third party quality testing, visit our Accountability Commitment page.

Should Iodine Gold be taken with food?

Iodine Gold is made using whole kelp and can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Iodine Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Iodine Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Iodine Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Iron

What is iron?

Iron is a mineral required by the human body for growth and development. Every cell in the body requires oxygen to function and iron is an essential component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which provide and carry oxygen to all parts of the body.

What are some risk factors for an iron deficiency?

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Children, women of childbearing age, frequent blood donors, and individuals with certain medical conditions (e.g. malabsorption syndromes) are often most at risk. In addition, diets that are overly reliant on refined and processed foods can also pose challenges to achieving optimal iron intake.

How do I know if I need to supplement with iron?

While individuals with a mild iron deficiency may not experience or exhibit any obvious symptoms, those with a severe deficiency may experience fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain. It is never a good idea to self-diagnose or self-treat a health condition, so we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine if an iron supplement is appropriate for your individual needs.

Are there any food sources of iron?

Meat, poultry and fish, spinach, swiss chard, and parsley are all excellent dietary sources of iron.  Iron can also be found in a variety of plant-based foods like bok choy, brussel sprouts, kale, cabbage, asparagus, leeks, and lettuce. It may be important to note that plant sources of iron are in the non-heme form, which has lower bioavailability than the heme form found in meat, poultry, and fish. However, the quantity of non-heme iron in plant sources is much higher, so even with the lower bioavailability, non-heme iron contributes more in terms of nutrition than heme iron. Legumes such as soybeans, black beans and lentils may also contain decent amounts of iron but the phytic acid they contain may reduce iron absorption.  Certain methods of food preparation, such as soaking, sprouting, fermenting, and cooking, can reduce phytic acid content which may help improve iron absorption from these foods.

What is the recommended daily allowance for iron?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for iron for individuals 18 years of age and older is 18 mg. This goes up to 27 mg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. The body’s demand for iron is lower in some population groups (e.g. men, post-menopausal women), so, as with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for iron?

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has based the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for iron at 45 mg per day. This amount is largely based on preventing symptoms of gastrointestinal distress (e.g. constipation) that can occur from excess iron intake from supplements or fortified foods.

Can iron supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

Taking iron supplements at the same time as some medications may result in decreased absorption and efficacy of the medication and/or the iron supplement. If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about iron, check out the resources below—
• Iron Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Iron — Linus Pauling Institute
• Iron — Harvard School of Public Health
• Iron — Medline Plus
• For specific guidance on the suitability of iron to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Iron Gold

What form of Iron does Iron Gold provide?

Iron Gold provides a gentle and nourishing form of  plant-based iron from curry leaf and other ingredients in the organic food blend. The full list of organic foods can be found under the ‘Organic Food Blend’ in the supplement facts panel (on the label) and on the product page on our website. Iron Gold is not synthetic iron fermented, grown or cultured in yeast or a blend of organic foods fortified with synthetic iron and marketed as “whole-food” or “food-based” iron. 

Does Iron Gold cause constipation or any other gastric discomfort?

Most iron supplements are synthetically created and, in high doses, can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and constipation. Although individual experiences can vary, Iron Gold is gentle, well-tolerated, and does not cause any digestive discomfort.

What is the purpose of the organic food blend in Iron Gold?

At Nutrigold, we are mindful of the fact that every ingredient in a product, regardless of whether it is an active ingredient that provides a health benefit or an additive that ensures finished product integrity, can and will likely have some impact on consumers’ health. This is why we are philosophically opposed to the use of synthetic, semi-synthetic, or commodity additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide commonly found in most commercially-available supplements. We choose instead to use organic, plant-based, pantry-friendly functional additives that not only have a history of safe use, but may help support the bioavailability and absorption of iron from the curry leaf in the food blend.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Iron Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  iron listed on the label (18 mg) is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Iron Gold?

Iron Gold is gentle and easy-to-digest and can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what dosing schedule is best for your individual needs.

Can I take more than 1 capsule per day?

Iron Gold provides 18 mg of plant-based iron in each 1 capsule serving, meeting 100% of the FDA Daily Value for Iron. If you are interested in or considering taking a higher dosage, we ask that you do so only under the guidance and supervision of your healthcare provider. 

Is Iron Gold safe during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides gentle, plant-based iron that supports women’s health. That said, we must clarify that we consider women trying to conceive, already pregnant, or breastfeeding to be a vulnerable population and we strongly encourage you to talk to a qualified healthcare professional regarding use, benefits, and possible risks prior to supplementation.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Iron Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Iron Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Iron Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Please be advised that, per 21 CFR 101.17(e)(1), “Accidental overdose of iron-containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6. Keep this product out of reach of children. In case of accidental overdose, call a doctor or poison control center immediately.”

General Questions about Magnesium

What is magnesium?

Magnesium is an essential mineral that is required for more than 300 essential metabolic reactions. Magnesium is required for cellular energy production and is a key structural component of bones.  In addition, magnesium supports nerve, brain, cardiovascular and immune health.

What are some risk factors for a magnesium deficiency?

It is estimated that around 50% of the adult population may be at risk for inadequate magnesium intake (Source). Individuals that are most at risk for magnesium deficiency include those with gastrointestinal disorders such as prolonged diarrhea, malabsorption syndromes, celiac disease or those that have had part of their small intestine removed. Some renal, endocrine, and metabolic disorders can also lead to magnesium depletion. In addition, magnesium status can also be impacted by the consumption of alcohol, drug use and some medications.

Are there any food sources of magnesium?

Magnesium is a primary component of chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants. Given this, leafy greens like spinach, swiss chard, turnip greens, and beet greens tend to be the best sources of dietary magnesium. Good sources of magnesium also include pumpkin seeds, Brazil nuts, cashews and almonds.

It is worth noting that decreases in food crop magnesium content can make it difficult to get the recommended allowance of magnesium from food alone. So, if you are relying exclusively on dietary sources of magnesium to meet the recommended daily intake, please check with your healthcare provider if a magnesium supplement is right for you.

What is the recommended daily allowance for magnesium?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for magnesium for individuals 18 years of age and older is 420 mg. This drops down to 400 mg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for magnesium?

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the US Institute of Medicine has set the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for magnesium at 350 mg/day. This UL is largely based on avoiding gastrointestinal disturbances which can occur when supplementing with magnesium salts.  It is important to note that adverse effects have not been observed from magnesium in food. Given this, the magnesium one consumes from food does not count towards the UL; this only applies to supplemental magnesium. Medical providers will sometimes determine that a higher amount of magnesium is necessary in cases of severe deficiency.

Is it necessary to take calcium with magnesium?

No, calcium does not have to be taken with magnesium. In fact, it is often recommended to avoid taking large amounts of both minerals at the same time as they can compete with each other for absorption. Regardless, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Can magnesium supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

Magnesium may interfere with the absorption of some drugs. If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about magnesium, check out the resources below—
• Magnesium Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Magnesium — Linus Pauling Institute
• Magnesium — Harvard School of Public Health
• Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy
• For specific guidance on the suitability of magnesium to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Magnesium Gold

What form of magnesium is provided in Magnesium Gold?

Magnesium Gold provides magnesium as a full-spectrum chelate. Magnesium isn't stable in its free form and needs to be bound to something to be stable, and the biggest difference among magnesium products does not come from the elemental magnesium itself (which is all the same across all products), but from what the magnesium is actually bound to. The magnesium in our product is chelated to a full-spectrum amino acid complex from USA-grown, hydrolyzed rice protein for enhanced bioavailability.

What does “elemental” mean?

The term "elemental" refers to how much of the actual element, in this case magnesium, is present per capsule or serving of the product. Each 3-capsule serving of  Magnesium Gold provides 400 mg of elemental magnesium from a 2000 mg complex consisting of magnesium and amino acids.

What is the original source of magnesium in Magnesium Gold?

The elemental magnesium in Magnesium Gold is from magnesium oxide from the Dead Sea in Israel. However, because magnesium oxide is generally believed to have poor bioavailability in the gut, the magnesium oxide is solubilized in a solvent-free, aqueous environment and chelated to USA-grown, hydrolyzed rice protein for enhanced bioavailability. 

Why chelated to an amino acid complex instead of a single amino acid molecule?

Most commercially available magnesium products feature magnesium bound to a single, large, synthetically-created amino acid molecule (e.g. magnesium glycinate). However, the magnesium in our product is chelated to the full spectrum of amino acids naturally found in hydrolyzed rice protein. As with other chelates, there is less magnesium by weight in this form as well, but the amino acid complex in Magnesium Gold may confer benefits other than what may be available with other individual mineral chelates like magnesium glycinate.

There are a couple of benefits to chelating to an amino acid complex instead of a single amino acid molecule—first, the product delivers a complete amino acid profile including 'essential' amino acids (those that must be consumed in the diet because the body is unable to produce them itself); and second, there is some scientific evidence (Mackenzie, Loo, Fei, et. al., 1996) that amino acids are taken up in short chains and not as single molecules. The process used to chelate the magnesium in our product delivers the mineral sequestered in these short chains, which supports the body's own uptake mechanism to deliver highly available mineral nutrients.

What amino acids are in Magnesium Gold?

The magnesium in our product is chelated to a full-spectrum amino acid complex that is naturally found in USA-grown, hydrolyzed rice protein. This full-spectrum amino acid complex includes aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, tryptophan, arginine, and proline. The approximate amino acid content in the organic hydrolyzed rice protein that is used in our Magnesium Gold product is summarized in Table 1.

How many grams of carbohydrates are in each 3-capsule serving of Magnesium Gold?

We do not currently assay the Magnesium Gold for carbohydrate content; however, we can provide an approximate estimation of the amount of carbohydrates per 3-capsule serving of our Magnesium Gold, which is 0.2 g (or 200 mg).

For reference, the Daily Value (DV) for total carbohydrate is 300 grams (g) or 100% DV, based on a 2,000-calorie diet. So, one serving of Magnesium Gold would contribute < 0.1% of the DV of carbohydrates.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Magnesium Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of magnesium listed on the label (400 mg) is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

Is Magnesium Gold easy to digest and gentle on my stomach (non-laxative)?

The magnesium in our product is chelated to hydrolyzed rice protein for enhanced bioavailability. Chelated magnesium tends to be a gentler form than magnesium citrate or oxide and is less likely to cause a laxative effect. However, high doses of magnesium, regardless of what form the magnesium is in, may produce a laxative effect in some individuals. Consistent with our guiding principle to ‘do no harm’ and in the interest of your health and safety, we ask that you discuss any concerns you may have regarding the suitability of our products for your particular health needs with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

What is the best time of day to take Magnesium Gold?

Many customers often take magnesium in the evening hours to support muscle relaxation and restful sleep.  However, for whole body health, it may be best to space supplemental magnesium throughout the day for optimal absorption.  Regardless, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use is best for your individual needs.

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Magnesium Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Magnesium Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Magnesium Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Selenium

What is selenium?

Selenium is a trace mineral found naturally in produce, seeds, nuts, and whole grains that are grown in selenium-rich soil. Selenium functions as an antioxidant in the human body.  A number of antioxidant enzymes in the body, including glutathione peroxidase, require selenium in order to function. Selenium is also necessary for the normal functioning and health of the thyroid gland and immune system.

What are some risk factors for a selenium deficiency?

A diet rich in fresh produce and whole grains can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of selenium. However, today’s over-reliance on refined and processed foods can provide a challenge to optimal selenium intake. It may be important to note that selenium concentration in plants is highly dependent upon the selenium content of the soil they are grown in.  For instance, the soil of the South and Northeast is known to have less selenium than some other sections of the United States. Individuals with certain medical conditions (e.g. malabsorption syndromes, Crohn’s disease) are also at an increased risk of selenium deficiency.

Are there any food sources of selenium?

Brazil nuts are considered to be the richest food source of selenium. Other good sources of selenium include seafood (tuna, shrimp, sardines, salmon, cod), whole grains, organ meats, eggs, and dairy products.

What is the recommended daily allowance for selenium?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for selenium for individuals 18 years of age and older is 55 mcg. This goes up to 70 mcg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for selenium?

The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has set the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for selenium at 400  mcg/day for adults. The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk.

Can selenium supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about selenium, check out the resources below—
• Selenium Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Selenium — Linus Pauling Institute
• Selenium — Harvard School of Public Health
• Selenium — Fascinating Microelement, Properties and Sources in Food
• For specific guidance on the suitability of selenium to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Selenium Gold

What is the source of selenium in Selenium Gold?

Selenium Gold provides a gentle and nourishing form of  plant-based selenium from mustard seed and other ingredients in the organic food blend. The full list of organic foods can be found under the ‘Organic Food Blend’ in the supplement facts panel (on the label) and on the product page on our website. 

What is the purpose of the organic food blend in Selenium Gold?

At Nutrigold, we are mindful of the fact that every ingredient in a product, regardless of whether it is an active ingredient that provides a health benefit or an additive that ensures finished product integrity, can and will likely have some impact on consumers’ health. This is why we are philosophically opposed to the use of synthetic, semi-synthetic, or commodity additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide commonly found in most commercially-available supplements. We choose instead to use organic, plant-based, pantry-friendly functional additives that not only have a history of safe use, but may help support the bioavailability and absorption of selenium from the mustard seed in the food blend.

How does Selenium Gold compare to other forms of selenium such as sodium selenite or selenomethionine?

Sodium selenite is an inorganic form of selenium that may have limited bioavailability and/or efficacy.  Likewise, another form of selenium, selenomethionine, occurs naturally in food like brazil nuts and whole grains, but there is not enough information on how the selenomethionine in dietary supplements is processed and whether it has the same form and will provide the same benefits as naturally-occurring selenomethionine in foods.

Selenium Gold is a gentle and nourishing form of plant-based selenium that is derived entirely from natural food sources—it is not synthetic selenium fermented, grown or cultured in yeast or a blend of organic foods fortified with synthetic selenium and marketed as “whole-food” or “food-based” selenium.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Selenium Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  selenium  listed on the label (200 mcg) is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Selenium Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Selenium Gold is made using organic foods and can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Selenium Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Selenium Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Selenium Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions about Zinc

What is zinc?

Zinc is an essential mineral that is found within every cell of the human body. Zinc is required for normal growth and development, immune health, vision, reproduction, insulin regulation and thyroid function.  Zinc also has antioxidant properties and is a primary structural component of the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. 

What are some risk factors for a zinc deficiency?

Severe zinc deficiency is considered to be rare in the developed world. However, marginal zinc deficiency may be much more common. Individuals that are at risk for zinc deficiency include—

• alcoholics and those with gastrointestinal disorders such as persistent diarrhea, malabsorption syndromes, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis;
• pregnant and lactating women who need higher amounts of zinc to support healthy fetal development and, for this reason, may be at greater risk of deficiency;
• strict vegetarians primarily due to the zinc-blocking effects of phytate, a compound present in some grains and legumes; and
• senior citizens due to a reduced capacity to absorb zinc. Some medications may also decrease zinc absorption and limit its utilization in the body.

Are there any food sources of zinc?

Zinc can be found in a wide variety of foods. Oysters are considered to be the richest food source of zinc. Meat, eggs, and seafood also provide good amounts of zinc and are generally free of compounds like phytic acid, which may lessen absorption of zinc.  Vegetarian sources of zinc include leafy greens (bok choy, spinach, beet greens, swiss chard), mushrooms, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, cashews, quinoa, green peas, brussel sprouts, broccoli, oats, and sea vegetables.

What is the recommended dietary allowance for zinc?

The 100% daily value (%DV) for zinc for individuals 18 years of age and older is 11 mg. This goes up to 13 mg per day during pregnancy/breastfeeding. As with any supplement, please talk to your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to ensure you are following the dosing schedule that is right for your particular health needs.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for zinc?

The Upper Tolerable Limit (UL), established by the Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine, is considered to be the highest amount you can take of a nutrient without theoretical risk. The UL for zinc is 40 milligrams per day for adults. This UL was largely based on the concern that long term consumption of high amounts of zinc could result in copper deficiency, given that zinc and copper compete with each other for absorption in the human body.

Can zinc supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

Taking zinc supplements at the same time as some medications may result in decreased absorption and efficacy of the medication and/or the zinc supplement. If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about zinc, check out the resources below—
• Zinc Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Zinc — Linus Pauling Institute
• Zinc — Harvard School of Public Health
• Zinc — Medline Plus
• For specific guidance on the suitability of zinc to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Zinc Gold

What is the source of zinc in Zinc Gold?

Zinc Gold provides a gentle and nourishing form of  plant-based zinc from guava leaf and other ingredients in the organic food blend. The full list of organic foods can be found under the ‘Organic Food Blend’ in the supplement facts panel (on the label) and on the product page on our website. 

How does Zinc Gold compare to other zinc supplements?

Zinc Gold is a gentle and nourishing form of plant-based zinc that is derived entirely from natural food sources—it is not synthetic zinc fermented, grown or cultured in yeast or a blend of organic foods fortified with synthetic zinc and marketed as “whole-food” or “food-based” zinc.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Zinc Gold product?

At NutriGold, we go above and beyond what is recommended or required under current GMPs to independently verify that the raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-certified labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of zinc listed on the label (15 mg) is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability  

What is the best time of day to take Zinc Gold? Should it be taken with food?

Zinc Gold is gentle and can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach. However, as a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is a pullulan capsule? What is it made of?

Pullulan is a vegetable-derived, water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a natural fermentation process. Pullulan capsules are considered more natural than HPMC (cellulose) capsules because they are naturally derived from fermented tapioca. Unlike cellulose capsules, which are considered semi-synthetic and not permitted in certified organic products, pullulan is included in the USDA’s National Organic Program list of accepted ingredients for organic products. 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Zinc Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Zinc Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Zinc Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions about Ashwagandha

What is ashwagandha?

Referred to as the “prince of herbs” in Ayurveda, ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a small evergreen shrub often characterized by its velvety leaves and vibrant orange-red berries. Ashwagandha is native to India and has been used medicinally for thousands of years. In Sanskrit, the word ashwagandha translates to "the smell of a horse," which represents its traditional use of promoting energy, endurance and strength*.

What health benefits does ashwagandha provide?

Ashwagandha has traditionally been used to help rejuvenate and tonify the body. As an adaptogen, ashwagandha root has been shown to help the body “adapt” to both physical and emotional stress, and by doing so, helps conserve energy and promotes endurance. Ashwagandha has a long history of safe use and promotes overall balance in the body. In addition to a healthy stress response, ashwagandha also supports immune health, mental clarity and thyroid function*.

What are some factors to consider when choosing an ashwagandha supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with ashwagandha and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors when making a purchasing decision—

• Does the product contain just ashwagandha whole powder or an extract standardized to provide a consistent and guaranteed amount of withanolides in each serving?
• Is the ashwagandha extract clinically-proven to provide intended benefits? 
• Is the recommended dosage supported by science and sufficient to provide intended benefits? 
• What is the amount or percentage of withanolides per serving of the product? 
• Is the product independently verified to meet identity, potency & purity standards?
• What assurance, if any, is available that what’s on the product label is, in fact, in the bottle?
• Is the project Non-GMO Project Verified?
• Does the product contain any chemical additives or preservatives? 

Can I take ashwagandha if I’m allergic to nightshades?

Ashwagandha belongs to the nightshade (Solanaceae) family, which also includes goji berries, potatoes, eggplant, tomatoes, and peppers. Ashwagandha root, the medicinal part of the ashwagandha plant, has a long history of safe use and is generally well tolerated. However, a small portion of the population may be sensitive to chemical compounds called alkaloids, which are naturally present in some nightshade plants. If you have a known or suspected intolerance or allergy to nightshade, we encourage you to consult with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation.

Can ashwagandha supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions.

Still have questions?

• For general information about ashwagandha, check out the resources below—
• HerbalGram - Ashwagandha Profile. 2013; 99:1-7.
• Ashwagandha — HerbMedPro™ Record
• Ashwagandha — MedlinePlus
• An Overview on Ashwagandha: A Rasayana (Rejuvenator) of Ayurveda
• For specific guidance on the suitability of ashwagandha to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Ashwagandha Gold

Why is Ashwagandha Gold formulated using the KSM-66® ashwagandha root extract? 

Given below is a summary of the key reasons why Ashwagandha Gold is formulated using the KSM-66® ashwagandha root extract:

• KSM-66® ashwagandha extract is the only full-spectrum ashwagandha extract that is standardized to 5% with anolides from roots alone.
• KSM-66® ashwagandha extract is the most clinically-studied ashwagandha extract currently available.
• KSM-66® ashwagandha extract is certified organic.
• KSM-66® ashwagandha extract is guaranteed to contain > 0.1% withaferin A, a naturally-occurring cytotoxin present in ashwagandha.

If interested, more information on KSM-66® ashwagandha extract is available for review online on the ingredient website at:  www.ksm66ashwagandhaa.com

Why does Ashwagandha Gold include whole-root ashwagandha powder in addition to the clinically-proven KSM-66® root extract?

At Nutrigold, we are mindful of the fact that every ingredient in a product, regardless of whether it is an active ingredient that provides a health benefit or an additive that ensures finished product integrity, can and will likely have some impact on consumers’ health. This is why we are philosophically opposed to the use of synthetic, semi-synthetic, or commodity additives like magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide commonly found in most commercially-available supplements. We choose instead to use plant-based, functional additives that not only have a history of safe use, which, in the case of Ashwagandha Gold, is the whole root Ashwagandha powder. 

Why is Ashwagandha Gold not vegan?

Withanolides are considered to be responsible for most of ashwagandha’s health benefits. The clinically-proven ashwagandha ingredient in our product is extracted using lactic acid from organic milk (rather than chemical solvents) to optimize the amount and quality of the bioactives (e.g. withanolides) in the final extract. Although KSM-66® Ashwagandha extract is also available in a vegan “dairy-free” version, it is not a full-spectrum extract and lacks the presence of some lipophilic components, flavonoids, and choline, to name a few, that are naturally present in ashwagandha root. 

What is the best time of day to take Ashwagandha Gold?

Ashwagandha can generally be taken anytime. However, for those with a sensitive GI tract, ashwagandha is often best taken with food. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Can I take a higher dosage than what is suggested on the label?

Because we are not licensed medical professionals and individual needs can vary, we regret that we cannot recommend a dosage beyond what is suggested on the product label. It may be important to note that the dosing range provided in the suggested use on the label (300 mg to 600 mg per day) is based on amounts used in clinical investigations featuring the KSM-66® ingredient. Please consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what dosage, if any, is best for your individual needs.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Ashwagandha Gold product?

At NutriGold, our first priority is consumer safety, which is why we verify that raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-accredited labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the percentage of withanolides listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Ashwagandha Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Ashwagandha Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Ashwagandha Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions about Black Garlic

What is Black Garlic?

The medicinal use of garlic dates back to the beginning of recorded history. Garlic is referenced in biblical texts and ancient medical texts from Egypt, Greece, Rome, China and India. Black garlic is created by aging regular garlic (Allium sativum L.) under mild heat which results in a natural enzymatic fermentation process. Fermented black garlic is known for having a higher antioxidant (ORAC) value than regular garlic and for this reason, may offer enhanced immune-supportive activity and other unique health benefits. 

What benefits does black garlic provide?

The fermentation of garlic into black garlic creates S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a powerful antioxidant. Black garlic, and the SAC that it contains, has more than double the antioxidant activity of regular garlic and may offer enhanced immune support. Overall, black garlic supports antioxidant defense, detoxification as well as heart, brain, immune, and digestive health*.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a black garlic supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with ashwagandha and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors when making a purchasing decision—

• Does the product contain just black garlic powder, an extract, or a full-spectrum extract?
• Does the product provide a consistent and guaranteed amount of S-allyl-cysteine in each serving?
• What is the amount or percentage of S-allyl-cysteine per serving of the product? 
• Is the product independently verified to meet identity, potency & purity standards?
• What assurance, if any, is available that what’s on the product label is, in fact, in the bottle?
• Is the project Non-GMO Project Verified?
• Does the product contain any chemical additives or preservatives?

Can I take black garlic if I have an intolerance to regular garlic?

While black garlic is generally well-tolerated, in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have regarding the suitability of black garlic for your particular needs with your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation.

Can black garlic supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

• For general information about garlic, check out the resources below—
• Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects
• Garlic — NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
• Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview
• Garlic and Organosulfur Compounds  — Linus Pauling Institute
• For specific guidance on the suitability of black garlic to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Black Garlic Gold

How does Black Garlic Gold compare with other garlic supplements?

Many of garlic’s health benefits are attributed to its sulfur-containing compounds like allicin and S-allyl cysteine (SAC). Research has demonstrated, however, that the compound allicin is highly unstable and can degrade rather quickly. Allicin may also suffer from poor bioavailability in the human body.  The fermentation of garlic into black garlic increases levels of the more stable nutrient S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a powerful antioxidant. In fact, the fermentation of garlic double’s garlic's ORAC (antioxidant) potential and may improve garlic's immune supportive activity. Black Garlic Gold provides organic fermented garlic in a natural, whole-food matrix and is guaranteed to contain .15% SAC.

How does Black Garlic Gold compare with aged garlic extracts?

Supplements with aged garlic extract:

• The garlic is harvested, cleaned, sliced and stored in stainless steel tanks under carefully controlled conditions without the use of a heating process.
• The garlic is stored in the stainless steel tanks for up to 20 months in an aqueous ethanol solution, which helps to extract and age the garlic compounds.
• May include S-allyl-cysteine (SAC), but generally no SAC content is claimed on the label.
• The finished product may contain chemical additives or preservatives.

Black Garlic Gold

• Made using fermented whole-food black garlic—natural phytonutrient profile is retained.
• Natural matrix ensures greater stability of marker compounds, including S-allyl cysteine.
• The whole-food concentrate is produced by aging regular garlic using mild heat, which activates the natural enzymatic fermentation process.
• No chemical solvents used in the aging or fermentation process of the black garlic concentrate.
• Guaranteed S-Allyl cysteine content.
• Manufactured without chemical additives or preservatives.

Does Black Garlic Gold contain allicin?

The allicin commonly found in most garlic supplements is highly unstable and can degrade rather quickly, which means most garlic supplements may not be reliable sources of allicin. Black Garlic Gold provides S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a powerful and more stable antioxidant primarily found only in black or aged garlic. 

Does Black Garlic Gold have a strong smell or aftertaste?

While not odorless, black garlic typically does not have the same repeat effect that pungent, raw garlic can sometimes have. Black garlic is unique in that it has been bio-transformed through the process of fermentation, which not only improves garlic's immune-supporting activity but also shifts the flavor profile from pungent and spicy to a more sweet and savory flavor. Black garlic tends to be well-tolerated and gentle on the digestive system.

What is the best time of day to take Black Garlic Gold?

Black Garlic Gold can generally be taken anytime. However, for those with a sensitive GI tract, Black Garlic Gold is often best taken with food. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Can I take more than what is suggested on the label?

Because we are not licensed medical professionals and individual needs can vary, we regret that we cannot recommend a dosage beyond what is suggested on the product label. Please consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what dosage, if any, is best for your individual needs.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Black Garlic Gold product?

At NutriGold, our first priority is consumer safety, which is why we verify that raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-accredited labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of S-allyl-cysteine listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Black Garlic Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Black Garlic Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Black Garlic Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of omega-3s (EPA, DHA) listed on label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. Our fish oil products are third-party tested to ensure compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards). The IFOS program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website or at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/  Each IFOS report includes detailed potency testing results as well as results for freshness (TOTOX), marine contaminants, and heavy metals.  Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's stringent requirements.

If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

How does NutriGold ensure the freshness of its fish oil and protect it from becoming rancid during production, packaging and in transit from its facility to consumers?

Freshness is an important factor to consider when it comes to omega-3 supplements. This is why NutriGold's fish oils are processed in an environment that is strictly controlled to ensure oxygen exposure (and oxidation) is minimized. Our fish oil is encapsulated soon after it is extracted and an antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) is added to protect the oil from oxidation and preserve freshness. 

Because every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested by IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness, you can review the results of testing at http://certifications.nutrasource.ca/ prior to making your purchase for complete peace of mind.

Should NutriGold fish oil products be refrigerated after opening to preserve freshness and to protect the product from becoming rancid?

Our softgel-based fish oil products are stable at room temperature and do not require refrigeration. However, they should be stored in their original container away from sunlight and moisture. Depending on your preference, you may refrigerate the product if you wish; some consumers prefer to refrigerate the product, especially during the hot summer months, to help keep the product fresh and others with sensitive GI tracts find that refrigerating the product helps minimize the risk of fish burps after taking the product.

Do NutriGold fish oil products produce a “fishy” aftertaste or repeat effect?

Our fish oil products rarely result in a fishy aftertaste or repeat effect because they are from a pristine source, processed quickly, include a natural antioxidant to protect against oxidation, and are in the more bioavailable rTG form. That being said, individuals with sensitive GI tracts who are generally more prone to a repeat effect may benefit from refrigerating the product and/or taking the product in the middle of the largest meal of the day to help minimize risk of fishy aftertaste.

What is the best time of day to take the NutriGold fish oil products?

Although not required, as a general rule, taking a fat-soluble supplement (like fish oil) with food may help enhance its absorption and assimilation. Some individuals, especially those with sensitive GI tracts, may benefit from taking fish oil supplements with food because it greatly minimizes risk of fishy reflux and/or burps. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

What is DPA?

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in some seafood sources, including the wild Alaska Pollock we source our fish oil from. DPA is much less studied than EPA and DHA. However, the research that exists demonstrates that DPA may support a healthy inflammation response, cardiovascular health, and the absorption of EPA and DHA. (Source) The DPA in our fish oil product is not added separately; it is naturally occurring in Alaska Pollock and the potency is confirmed through third-party testing.

The supplement facts panel on NutriGold fish oil products list “Other Omega-3s.”  What are these other omega-3s?

In addition to EPA, DHA, and DPA, our fish oil products also contain other naturally-occurring omega-3 fatty acids like Alpha-linolenic Acid, Stearidonic Acid, and Eicosatetraenoic Acid. Please note that the individual amounts of these other omega-3 fatty acids can vary slightly from batch to batch due to natural variations in the wild-caught Alaska Pollock.

Are NutriGold fish oil products suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

NutriGold’s fish oil products are formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not our omega-3 fish oil product is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

Are NutriGold fish oil products safe to take during pregnancy?

To the best of our knowledge, our product should be safe for consumption by pregnant women because it provides beneficial omega-3s that can support a healthy pregnancy. However, because pregnant women are considered a vulnerable population, we ask that you discuss your interest in our product with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation and take the product only under their guidance if you are pregnant, suspect you may be pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

How is the Triple Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil product different from the Double Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil and the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold?

All three fish oil products are essentially the same in terms of fish oil source, structure of the omega-3 fatty acids, and compliance with IFOS 5-star standards for purity, potency, and freshness. The two differences between the Triple Strength Omega-3 and Double Strength Omega-3 products are—(1) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil  provides 2,100 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides 1,400 mg of total omega-3s per 2-softgel serving; and (2) the Triple Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 3:1 ratio whereas the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil provides EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio.

The Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 Gold product provides the same amount of omega-3s and the same ratio of EPA and DHA as the Double Strength Omega-3 fish oil product.  However, in addition to the omega-3 fatty acids, the Omega-3+CoQ10+D3 product also provides 50 mg of the clinically-proven Kaneka CoQ10 and 2,500 IU of vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol). As with any supplement, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what product, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Which is better—fish oil or krill oil?

Both fish oil and krill oil products provide the same essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA. Given this, it follows that any research that supports the importance of EPA and DHA would be relevant and applicable to both products. However, because fish oil has been around longer and has, therefore, been the subject of more research, there is more clinical evidence to support fish oil's efficacy in supporting multiple areas of health than there is to support krill oil's benefits.

For those that are seeking a high potency omega-3 product, NutriGold's omega-3 fish oil products do offer much higher amounts of EPA & DHA per serving than what is provided by krill oil. However, the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) in krill oil are naturally bound to Phospholipids, which bind to cell membranes in the body and help transport the omega-3s into the cells where they are needed. In other words, the omega-3s in krill oil may be more bioavailable to the cells, may be better absorbed, and, for this reason, may provide some of the same benefits at a lower dosage.

Regardless of whether you choose our omega-3 fish oil products or our krill oil products, you can be assured you are getting a high-quality product that can support your health goals when taken as part of a healthy lifestyle. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine which product is best for your individual needs.

Does NutriGold plan to offer an algae-based, vegan omega-3 supplement?

As a brand that values sustainability, we are committed to identifying algal sources of omega-3 that will meet our uncompromising purity, freshness, and stability standards. It is our hope to one day be able to offer a high-quality, vegan, algae-based omega-3 supplement. So, stay tuned!

General Questions about Milk Thistle

What is milk thistle?

Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) is a plant native to the Mediterranean region that is often characterized by its bright purple flowerheads and sharp, prickly leaves. Milk thistle has a long history of safe use and has been recognized as medicine since Greco-Roman times. Today, standardized preparations from the seeds of milk thistle are often taken as a supplement to support liver health*.

What health benefits does milk thistle provide?

Milk thistle extracts standardized to silymarin and its isomers help support liver detoxification, antioxidant defense for healthy liver function, digestive health, and healthy blood sugar levels already within the normal range*.

What is silymarin?

Silymarin is a group of antioxidant bioflavonoids naturally present in milk thistle seed that are thought to be primarily responsible for the health-promoting benefits of milk thistle extract. Researched forms of silymarin include silybinin, silychristin, and silydianin.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a milk thistle supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with milk thistle and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors when making a purchasing decision—

• Does the product contain just milk thistle whole powder or an extract standardized to provide a consistent and guaranteed amount of silymarin in each serving?
• Is the milk thistle extract clinically-proven to provide intended benefits? 
• Is the recommended dosage supported by science and sufficient to provide intended benefits? 
• What is the amount or percentage of silymarins per serving of the product? 
• Is the product independently verified to meet identity, potency & purity standards?
• What assurance, if any, is available that what’s on the product label is, in fact, in the bottle?
• Is the project Non-GMO Project Verified?
• Does the product contain any chemical additives or preservatives?

Can milk thistle supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

• For general information about milk thistle, check out the resources below—

• Milk Thistle — HerbMedPro™ Record

• Milk Thistle Overview — NIH National Center for Complementary & Integrative Health

• Milk thistle — Excerpt from Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs.

• For specific guidance on the suitability of milk thistle to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about Milk Thistle Gold

How does Milk Thistle Gold compare with other milk thistle supplements?

While milk thistle products are available in multiple formats (e.g. powders, extracts, teas), it is important to note that the vast majority of completed research on milk thistle demonstrates that a concentrated, standardized extract of milk thistle seed is necessary in order for the active constituents (silymarin) to be properly absorbed and utilized by the body. (Source)

• Milk Thistle Gold features the most clinically-studied milk thistle extract currently available.
• The extract in Milk Thistle Gold has been used in over 100 clinical studies and was developed using a patented process to allow for optimal stability and bioavailability.
• The extract in Milk Thistle Gold is standardized for 80% silymarin by HPLC, which is the same dosage used in clinical studies.
• The extract in Milk Thistle Gold is standardized to all six isomers of silymarin, including > 50% silybinin, the most biologically active silymarin isomer.
• The extract in Milk Thistle Gold is certified organic and Non-GMO Project verified.

Does Milk Thistle Gold contain Silybinin?

Yes, Milk Thistle Gold is guaranteed to contain greater than 50% of silybinin, the most biologically active isomer of silymarin.

What is the best time of day to take Milk Thistle Gold?

Milk thistle can generally be taken anytime. However, for those with a sensitive GI tract, milk thistle is often best taken with food. As a matter of principle and in the interest of your health and safety, we encourage you to consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what use, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Can I take more than what is suggested on the label?

Because we are not licensed medical professionals and individual needs can vary, we regret that we cannot recommend a dosage beyond what is suggested on the product label. It may be important to note that the dosing range provided in the suggested use on the label is based on amounts of the extract used in clinical investigations. Please consult your healthcare provider prior to supplementation to determine what dosage, if any, is best for your individual needs.

Why does Milk Thistle Gold contain tapioca maltodextrin and rice concentrate?

At NutriGold, we are philosophically opposed to the use of chemical additives and synthetic preservatives in our products, which is why we avoid magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, and other commonly-used additives derived from GM ingredients like corn starch, corn maltodextrin, and soy lecithin. The tapioca maltodextrin and rice concentrate are plant-derived alternatives to chemical additives and added to the product to ensure finished product quality and integrity. 

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its Milk Thistle Gold product?

At NutriGold, our first priority is consumer safety, which is why we verify that raw materials used in our products as well as the finished products themselves meet industry-defining quality and purity standards. Depending on the complexity of the testing involved, including determining what needs to be tested, what methods are fit-for-purpose, and which lab is most qualified to perform the testing, we sometimes have results from as many as 4 or 5 different independent, ISO-accredited labs for each product. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions.

What assurance can you provide that the amount of  silymarins listed on the label is actually in the product?

All of our products are verified by independent third-party labs to meet identity, purity, and potency label claims. We take these results from third-party labs and summarize them in lot-specific Certificates of Analysis (C of A) that are  freely available in the spirit of authentic transparency on the product pages on our website so consumers can make informed purchasing decisions. The C of A provides assurance that the claims made on the label accurately reflect the contents of the product inside the bottle. If interested, more information on our our commitment to independent, third party quality testing can be found at this link - https://nutrigold.com/pages/accountability 

Can I break apart the capsule and add the contents to liquid/food to consume?

All of our products are formulated to be taken as capsules and our purity and potency claims are based on the product being taken as recommended. We generally do not recommend breaking apart the capsules because it can introduce contaminants or otherwise compromise product potency and effectiveness.

Is Milk Thistle Gold suitable for children (under 18 years of age)?

Milk Thistle Gold is formulated for individuals over 18 years. Because children are considered a vulnerable population, we regret we cannot make any recommendations regarding the use of our products by or for children under the age of 18. We ask that you talk to your pediatrician or family practitioner about whether or not Milk Thistle Gold is suitable and safe for your child’s particular healthcare needs prior to supplementation.

General Questions About Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are considered essential because the body cannot make them on its own; they must be consumed in the diet or through supplementation. There are at least ten types of omega-3 fatty acids that exist in nature. However, the three most researched forms for human health are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

ALA is present in some plants and plant oils, such as flaxseed, while EPA & DHA are mainly present in fish, fish oils, and krill oil. ALA is considered a “parent” omega-3 because it can be converted into EPA and DHA in healthy individuals. However, because the ability to convert ALA into EPA and DHA may be compromised in some individuals, it may be necessary to consume omega-3s as EPA and DHA from the diet (e.g. fatty fish) or through supplementation to ensure optimal health.

What benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide?

In addition to being key structural components of cell membranes in the human body, omega-3 fats also support heart, cognitive, eye and joint health. While EPA has been researched for supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the body, DHA has been researched for its ability to maintain brain health and membrane fluidity making it especially important for healthy brain, eye, and nervous system development. While EPA and DHA both offer unique and specific benefits, they also work synergistically to support overall health, which is why many supplements provide both omega-3 fatty acids.

What are some dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids? 

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is considered a parent omega-3 fatty acid, can be found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. In fact, it is the primary source of omega-3s for individuals who are on vegan or vegetarian diets. Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA are predominantly found in marine sources like algae, fish, and other seafood. However, the omega-3 content in fish can vary based upon species and source. Cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines tend to provide the greatest amount of omega-3s.  If interested in exploring further, the Linus Pauling Institute has compiled two helpful tables that list the top food sources EPA/DHA and ALA along with the estimated amount of omega-3 fat they provide per serving. You can view the top food sources of EPA/DHA and ALA tables at the Linus Pauling Institute website.

What are some risk factors for an omega-3 deficiency?

A diet that contains a regular intake of cold-water fatty fish and ALA-rich seeds and nuts can typically supply the body with adequate amounts of omega-3 fats. However, today’s over-reliance on processed, nutrient deficient foods can sometimes provide an obstacle to consuming adequate amounts of omega-3s. Unfortunately, a deficiency in omega-3s is often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of accepted testing methods. Some symptoms that may develop from a deficiency include dry or irritated skin, dry eyes, joint stiffness, thinning hair, and mental health challenges. If concerned that you may be at risk for an omega-3 deficiency, please work with a healthcare professional to determine what dietary or supplemental changes/additions may be necessary to support your unique health goals.

What is the difference between the triglyceride and ethyl ester forms of omega-3 fatty acids?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in one of three forms—natural triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or re-esterified TG (rTG). From a structural perspective, the omega-3 fatty acids in the EE form are bound to an ethanol background and the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG and rTG forms are bound to a glycerol backbone.

In terms of bioavailability, the natural TG form is the most bioavailable and this is the form that is present in natural food sources of omega-3s (e.g. fatty fish). A drawback of this form of omega-3 fatty acids is the concentration of omega-3s is somewhat low (approximately 25% to 30%) and higher doses may be required to meet recommended daily allowances.

The vast majority of omega-3 supplements provide omega-3s in the ethyl ester (EE) form. This form is considered semi-synthetic because it does not occur in nature and this form is thought to be less bioavailable in the human body than other omega-3 forms. 

The re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form is derived by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form. As such, the rTG form is chemically similar to the natural TG form, more bioavailable than the EE form and allows for higher concentration of omega-3s than the natural TG form.

What is the recommended intake amount of omega-3s to help ensure nutritional adequacy?

A Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has not been established for omega-3 fats the way it has been for most micronutrients. However, health experts agree that regular consumption of omega-3s is important for supporting whole-body health and the following are some general guidelines established by the different organizations—

• The American Heart Association encourages people to consume at least 2 servings of oily fish weekly. 
• For those that fail to regularly consume fish, the Linus Pauling Institute recommends taking a two-gram fish oil supplement several times a week. 
• The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) recommends healthy adults consume at least 500 mg of EPA+DHA each day to support cardiovascular health. 
• The World Health Organization has established an AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for EPA+DHA of 250 to 2000 mg per day. (visit the source of information website of the Linus Pauling Institute) 

Because individual health needs and goals can and do vary, it is important to talk to a licensed medical professional to determine whether supplementation is indicated and, if yes, the therapeutic dosage needed to achieve desired results.

Is there an established upper toxicity limit for omega-3s?

The Food and Nutrition Bard (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine has not established an Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) for omega-3s. However, it is generally not recommended to consume more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + other omega-3 fatty acids) from diet and supplements per day except under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.

What are some factors to consider when choosing a fish oil supplement?

Depending on your reason(s) for supplementing with an omega-3 supplement and your personal preferences, it may be helpful to consider one or more of the following factors so you can be assured you are making the purchasing decision that is right for you—

• Source of the oil—fish, plant, algae
• Structure or form of the omega-3 fatty acids—ethyl ester (EE), natural triglyceride (TG), or re-esterified triglyceride (rTG)
• Amount of omega-3s (EPA+DHA) per serving—500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg (or more)
• Purity of the oil—tested for heavy metals, PCBs, Dioxins, radioactive contaminants
• Freshness of the oil—oxidation, rancidity
• Sustainability of the source—environmentally sustainable or renewable source
• Third-party tested or certified—IFOS
• Evidence that what’s on the label is, in fact, in the bottle—Certificate of Analysis
• Value—cost per gram of omega-3 fatty acids

Can omega-3 fish oil supplements be taken with OTC or prescription medications?

If you are taking or planning to take an OTC or prescription medication or planning a medical procedure, please consult a licensed pharmacist or your healthcare provider before beginning supplementation to minimize risk of side effects associated with potential supplement-drug interactions. 

Still have questions?

For general information about omega-3 fats, check out the resources below—

• Omega-3 Fact Sheet for Consumers — Office of Dietary Supplements
• Essential Fatty Acids — Linus Pauling Institute
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids — Harvard School of Public Health
• GOED - Omega-3s for Consumers

For specific guidance on the suitability of omega-3 fish oil to support your particular health goals, please talk to your healthcare provider.

Questions about NutriGold Fish Oil Products

What is the source of the fish oil in NutriGold fish oil products?

The fish oil in NutriGold's fish oil products are 100% sourced from the USA and manufactured to stringent IFOS standards. All of our fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. The Bering Sea is known to be one of the world’s most pristine and productive ecosystems for marine life. The fisheries that we source our omega-3 oil from are certified sustainable by MSC (Marine Stewardship Council). a highly respected third-party verification for sustainable fishing practices. For more information on the Marine Stewardship Council, including their standards, processes, and initiatives, please  visit the Marine Stewardship Council website.

What does the “r-Triglyceride” or rTG form mean? Will this negatively impact blood triglyceride levels?

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride (TG), ethyl ester (EE), or r-triglyceride (rTG) form. 

Omega-3s that occur in nature (e.g. in fish) are in the TG form and, from a chemical structure perspective, this means the omega-3s are bound to a glycerol backbone. This form is considered highly bioavailable. The drawback is that the overall concentration of omega-3s that occur naturally in most marine sources is low (25% to 30%), which means higher intakes may be required to meet recommended dosages. 

Sometimes, companies will convert the omega-3s in the natural TG form to the ethyl ester (or EE) form. From a structural perspective, the omega-3s in the EE form are bound to an ethanol backbone. The conversion of the TG form to the EE form is generally done to achieve high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids while keeping the cost per gram of omega-3s affordable for the vast majority of consumers. There is some evidence that this form of omega-3s is synthetic and may suffer from poor bioavailability because omega-3s don’t occur in nature in the EE form and the body may need to reconvert it to an usable form when taken as a supplement.

NutriGold's fish oil products are offered in the r-Triglyceride (or rTG) form which is considered to be more bioavailable than the common ethyl ester form of fish oil while still providing high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids per serving. This is accomplished by re-converting or re-constituting the EE fatty acids back to the TG form (removing the fatty acids from the ethanol backbone and re-attaching them to the glycerol backbone). 

Even though the TG and rTG forms of omega-3 fatty acids have the same chemical name as the unhealthy "triglycerides" in the body, they do not raise serum triglyceride levels. In fact, the omega-3 fatty acids in the TG form actually help support healthy triglyceride levels already within the normal range. Regardless, we encourage you to discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider prior to supplementation so you can be assured that the product can, in fact, help support your health goals.

How does NutriGold ensure the purity of the ingredients used in its omega-3 fish oil products? Are they tested for heavy metals (e.g. mercury) and other marine contaminants?

NutriGold's fish oil products are sourced from Alaska Pollock, native to the cold ocean waters of the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska. Alaska Pollock are known to be naturally low in toxins and heavy metals. In fact, the American Heart Association considers the Pollock species of fish to be safe enough even for pregnant women to meet required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, all of our fish oil products are molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and other potential contaminants.

Every lot of our fish oil products is third-party tested for compliance with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) for purity, potency, and freshness. The IFOS 5-star program is the most trusted third-party testing and certification program exclusively for fish oils. If interested, you can view lot-specific third party testing results on our website and  hvisit the Certifications by nutrasource official website.  

Each IFOS report includes detailed testing results for freshness (TOTOX), as well as potency, marine contaminants, and heavy metals. Every lot of our fish oil products has been and continues to be IFOS 5-star certified and we haven't had a single lot since we first started manufacturing fish oil supplements that has not met the IFOS program's strin